California school lead testing results and the new lead and copper rule. Issue 9 (24th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kimbrough, David Eugene
• Is Part Of: Water practice and technology. Volume 17:Issue 9(2022)
• Page Start: 1781
• Page End: 1801
• Publication Date: 2022-08-24
• Subjects: brass corrosion -- dezincification -- lead-leaching -- school sampling; Sewerage; Sewerage -- Management; Water-supply; Water-supply engineering; Periodicals; 628.205
• DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2022.100
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-231X

Abstract

Abstract: Under the revised lead and copper rule, schools and daycare centers will need to conduct lead and copper sampling. The California Division of Drinking Water required Public Water Systems to assist local schools in testing water for lead between 2017 and 2020. There were 43, 803 samples collected from 7, 058 schools in 864 school districts. In total, 5.2% of the samples had lead present in concentrations greater than the Detection Limit for Reporting (DLR) of 5 μg/L, and 1.1% of samples had lead concentrations greater than the Action Level (AL) of 15 μg/L. When broken down by counties, these patterns are consistent throughout most of the State. Drinking fountains had significantly lower frequencies of results above the DLR and AL than samples collected from sinks and food preparation areas. Chloride, bicarbonate, and pH appeared to influence the frequency of results above the DLR and AL. HIGHLIGHTS: In total, 43, 803 samples were collected from 7, 058 schools in 864 school districts in California and analyzed for lead. Approximately 5% of all samples had results above 5 μg/L and 1% of samples had results above 15 μg/L. Drinking fountains had a lower frequency of results above 5 and 15 μg/L than sinks but higher than bottle fillers. Lead leaching was influenced by bicarbonate, chloride, and pH.