Could artificial intelligence revolutionize the development of nanovectors for gene therapy and mRNA vaccines?. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hasanzadeh, Akbar; Hamblin, Michael R.; Kiani, Jafar; Noori, Hamid; Hardie, Joseph M.; Karimi, Mahdi; Shafiee, Hadi
• Is Part Of: Nano today. Volume 47(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: AI Artificial Intelligence -- ML Machine Learning -- NNs Neural Networks -- DL Deep Learning -- DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid -- ANN Artificial Neural Network -- SERS Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy -- CNN Convolutional Neural Network -- BBB Blood Brain Barrier -- APCs Antigen-Presenting Cells -- PC Protein Corona -- RF Random Forest -- SVM Support Vector Machine -- PLS Partial Least Squares -- MLR Multiple Linear Regression -- PPR Projection Pursuit Regression -- K-NN K-nearest Neighbour -- ERT Extremely Randomized Tree -- CPP Cell Penetrating Peptide -- PCPs Physicochemical Properties -- AAC Amino Acid Composition -- LR Linear Regression -- MLP Multilayer Perceptron -- QSAR Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship -- PEI Polyethylenimine -- QNAR Quantitative Nanostructure Activity Relationship -- MLREM Multiple Linear Regression with Expectation Maximization -- TiO2 Titanium Dioxide -- ZnO Zinc Oxide -- NPs Nanoparticles -- MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration -- LC50 Half Maximal Lethal Concentration -- EC50 Half Maximal Effective Concentration -- LLO Listeriolysin O -- PAMAM Polyamidoamine -- PSSM Position-Specific Scoring Matrix -- GCN Graph Convolutional Network -- ECOC Error-Correcting Output Codes -- NPC Nuclear Pore Complex -- PICS Phase Imaging with Computational Specificity -- SMLM Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy -- PALM Photoactivation Localization Microscopy -- STORM Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy -- AAV Adeno-Associated Virus -- AdV Adenovirus -- HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- MLV Murine Leukemia Virus -- HSV Herpes Simplex Virus -- GENTRL Generative Tensorial Reinforcement Learning -- NR Nuclear Receptor -- DDR1 Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 -- GPCRs G Protein-Coupled Receptors -- SELEX Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment -- RNN Recurrent Neural Network -- GRNN General Regression Neural Network -- XANES X-ray Absorption near Edge Structure -- CDs Carbon Dots -- LMBP Levenberg–Marquardt back Propagation -- PVA Poly (Vinyl) Alcohol -- RNP Ribonucleoprotein -- DRL Deep Reinforcement Learning -- PAM Protospacer Adjacent Motif -- HDR Homology-Directed Repair -- NHEJ Nonhomologous End-joining -- IDLV Integrase-defective Lentiviral Vector -- HTGTS High-throughput Genome-wide Translocation Sequencing; Gene therapy -- AI -- Gene delivery vehicles -- CRISPR/Cas -- Nanobots -- MRNA vaccine carriers; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Nanosciences -- Périodiques; 620.505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101665
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1748-0132

Abstract

Abstract: Gene therapy enables the introduction of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA into host cells, and is expected to revolutionize the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This growth has been further accelerated by the discovery of CRISPR/Cas technology, which allows accurate genomic editing in a broad range of cells and organisms in vitro and in vivo . Despite many advances in gene delivery and the development of various viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors, the lack of highly efficient non-viral systems with low cellular toxicity remains a challenge. The application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to find new paradigms to solve this issue. Herein, we review AI and its major subfields including machine learning (ML), neural networks (NNs), expert systems, deep learning (DL), computer vision and robotics. We discuss the potential of AI-based models and algorithms in the design of targeted gene delivery vehicles capable of crossing extracellular and intracellular barriers by viral mimicry strategies. We finally discuss the role of AI in improving the function of CRISPR/Cas systems, developing novel nanobots, and mRNA vaccine carriers. Graphical Abstract: ga1 Highlights: Nucleic acid gene therapy could revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. However, there is still a lack of effective, non-toxic gene delivery systems. Advances in artificial intelligence will improve the design of such systems.