Old known and possible new biomarkers of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Issue 133 (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Scurt, Florian G.; Bose, K.; Hammoud, Ben; Brandt, S.; Bernhardt, A.; Gross, C.; Mertens, Peter R.; Chatzikyrkou, Christos
• Is Part Of: Journal of autoimmunity. Issue 133(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: ANCA-Associated vasculitis -- Biomarker -- Diagnostic -- Disease activity; Autoimmunity -- Periodicals; Autoimmune diseases -- Periodicals; Autoantibodies -- Periodicals; Autoimmune Diseases -- Periodicals; Auto-immunité -- Périodiques; Maladies auto-immunes -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.978005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102953
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0896-8411

Abstract

Abstract: Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises a group of multisystem disorders involving severe, systemic, small-vessel vasculitis with short- and long term serious and life-threating complications. Despite the simplification of treatment, fundamental aspects concerning assessment of its efficacy and its adaptation to encountered complications or to the relapsing/remitting/subclinical disease course remain still unknown. The pathogenesis of AAV is complex and unique, and despite the progress achieved in the last years, much has not to be learnt. Foremost, there is still no accurate marker enabling us to monitoring disease and guide therapy. Therefore, the disease management relays often on clinical judgment and follows a" trial and error approach". In the recent years, an increasing number of new molecules s have been explored and used for this purpose including genomics, B- and T-cell subpopulations, complement system factors, cytokines, metabolomics, biospectroscopy and components of our microbiome. The aim of this review is to discuss both the role of known historical and clinically established biomarkers of AAV, as well as to highlight potential new ones, which could be used for timely diagnosis and monitoring of this devastating disease, with the goal to improve the effectiveness and ameliorate the complications of its demanding therapy. Highlights: Reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, detection of relapse, or persistent disease are lacking. In recent decades, remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Due to the better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of AAV and the use of new methods, potential biomarkers could be found. However, further validation studies are needed to determine their potential role in clinical practice.