Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Generates Cross-Reactive Memory T Cell Responses to Zika Virus in Humans. (19th November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Ran; Zhang, Meng; Zhang, Linlin; Liu, Mengjia; Shan, Chao; An, Jing; Xie, Zhengde
• Other Names: Wang Maoshui Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of tropical medicine. Volume 2022(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11-19
• Subjects: Tropical medicine -- Periodicals; 616.9883
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/8379286
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1687-9686

Abstract

Abstract : Objective . Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses with sequence homology. ZIKV circulates in some regions where JEV also circulates, or where JE vaccination is used. Cross-immunity between flaviviruses exists, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that T cell immunity induced by the live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) SA14-14-2 vaccine conferred protective immunity against ZIKV infection in mice, which could even bypass antibody-dependent enhancement. However, the role of T cell immune, especially memory T cell subsets, in cross-reactive immune responses between JE vaccine and ZIKV in humans has not been reported. Methods . We examined central and effector memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cell (TCM and TEM ) responses (including degranulation, cytokines, and chemokines) in the presence of JEV and ZIKV, respectively, by using qualified peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 18 children who had recently received a two-dose course of JE vaccine SA14-14-2 as well as seven children without JE vaccination. Results . Cross-reactive CD8 + TCM in response to ZIKV was characterized by secretion of IFN- γ, whereas CD8 + TEM did not show significant upregulation of functional factors. In the presence of ZIKV, IFN- γ and TNF- α expression was upregulated by CD4 + TEM, and the expression signature of CD4 + TCM is more cytotoxic potential. Conclusions . We profiled the cross-reactive memory T cell responses to ZIKV in JE vaccine recipients. These data will provide evidence for the mechanism of cross-reactive memory T cell immune responses between JEV and ZIKV and a more refined view of bivalent vaccine design strategy.