Cranial ecomorphology of turtles and neck retraction as a possible trigger of ecological diversification. (11th October 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Cranial ecomorphology of turtles and neck retraction as a possible trigger of ecological diversification. (11th October 2022)
- Main Title:
- Cranial ecomorphology of turtles and neck retraction as a possible trigger of ecological diversification
- Authors:
- Hermanson, Guilherme
Benson, Roger B. J.
Farina, Bruna M.
Ferreira, Gabriel S.
Langer, Max C.
Evers, Serjoscha W. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Turtles have a highly modified body plan, including a rigid shell that constrains postcranial anatomy. Skull morphology and neck mobility may therefore be key to ecological specialization in turtles. However, the ecological signal of turtle skull morphologies has not been rigorously evaluated, leaving uncertainties about the roles of ecological adaptation and convergence. We evaluate turtle cranial ecomorphology using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Skull shape correlates with allometry, neck retraction capability, and different aquatic feeding ecologies. We find that ecological variables influence skull shape only, whereas a key functional variable (the capacity for neck retraction) influences both shape and size. Ecology and functional predictions from three‐dimensional shape are validated by high success rates for extant species, outperforming previous two‐dimensional approaches. We use this to infer ecological and functional traits of extinct species. Neck retraction evolved among crownward stem‐turtles by the Late Jurassic, signaling functional decoupling of the skull and neck from the shell, possibly linked to a major episode of ecomorphological diversification. We also find strong evidence for convergent ecological adaptations among marine groups. This includes parallel loss of neck retraction, evidence for active hunting, possible grazing, and suction feeding in extinct marine groups. Our large‐scaleAbstract: Turtles have a highly modified body plan, including a rigid shell that constrains postcranial anatomy. Skull morphology and neck mobility may therefore be key to ecological specialization in turtles. However, the ecological signal of turtle skull morphologies has not been rigorously evaluated, leaving uncertainties about the roles of ecological adaptation and convergence. We evaluate turtle cranial ecomorphology using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Skull shape correlates with allometry, neck retraction capability, and different aquatic feeding ecologies. We find that ecological variables influence skull shape only, whereas a key functional variable (the capacity for neck retraction) influences both shape and size. Ecology and functional predictions from three‐dimensional shape are validated by high success rates for extant species, outperforming previous two‐dimensional approaches. We use this to infer ecological and functional traits of extinct species. Neck retraction evolved among crownward stem‐turtles by the Late Jurassic, signaling functional decoupling of the skull and neck from the shell, possibly linked to a major episode of ecomorphological diversification. We also find strong evidence for convergent ecological adaptations among marine groups. This includes parallel loss of neck retraction, evidence for active hunting, possible grazing, and suction feeding in extinct marine groups. Our large‐scale assessment of dietary and functional adaptation throughout turtle evolution reveals the timing and origin of their distinct ecomorphologies, and highlights the potential for ecology and function to have distinct effects on skull form. Ecomorfologia craniana de tartarugas e retração do pescoço como possível desencadeadora de diversificação ecológica: Tartarugas tem um plano corpóreo bastante modificado, que inclui um casco rígido que restringe sua anatomia pós‐craniana. Portanto, a morfologia craniana e a mobilidade do pescoço devem ser centrais nas especializações ecológicas de tartarugas. No entanto, o sinal ecológico das diferentes morfologias de crânio de tartarugas não foi ainda rigorosamente avaliado, deixando incertezas sobre os papéis de adaptações ecológicas e convergência. Avaliamos a ecomorfologia craniana de tartarugas utilizando morfometria geométrica tridimensional e métodos filogenéticos comparativos. A forma craniana correlaciona com alometria, capacidade de retração do pescoço e diferentes ecologias alimentares aquáticas. Encontramos que variáveis ecológicas influenciam apenas a forma do crânio, enquanto uma importante variável funcional (a capacidade de retração do pescoço) influencia tanto a forma como o tamanho do crânio. Predições ecológicas e funcionais para espécies viventes a partir de formas tridimensionais são validadas com altas taxas de sucesso, superando abordagens bidimensionais. Utilizamos isso para inferir traços ecológicos e funcionais de espécies extintas. A retração do pescoço evoluiu em linhagens extintas mais próximas à origem do grupo‐coronal durante o Jurássico Final, indicando uma dissociação funcional entre crânio e pescoço do casco, algo possivelmente ligado a um importante episódio de diversificação ecomorfológica. Também encontramos forte evidência para adaptações ecológicas convergentes em grupos marinhos. Isso inclui a perda paralela da retração do pescoço, evidência de caça ativa, alimentação por sucção, além de possível preferência por plantas aquáticas em grupos marinhos extintos. Nosso estudo de larga‐escala sobre adaptações funcionais e relacionadas à dieta ao longo da evolução de tartarugas revela o tempo e origem de suas distintas ecomorfologias, e destaca ainda o potencial de ecologia e função terem efeitos distintos sobre a forma craniana. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Evolution. Volume 76:Number 11(2022)
- Journal:
- Evolution
- Issue:
- Volume 76:Number 11(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 76, Issue 11 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 76
- Issue:
- 11
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0076-0011-0000
- Page Start:
- 2566
- Page End:
- 2586
- Publication Date:
- 2022-10-11
- Subjects:
- Cranial shape -- ecomorphology -- neck retraction -- paleontology -- turtles
Evolution -- Periodicals
Heredity -- Periodicals
Évolution (Biologie) -- Périodiques
Hérédité -- Périodiques
338.47004094 - Journal URLs:
- http://evol.allenpress.com/evolonline/?request=index-html ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1558-5646 ↗
http://www.jstor.org/journals/00143820.html ↗
http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-journals-list&issn=0014-3820 ↗
https://academic.oup.com/evolut ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0014-3820;screen=info;ECOIP ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/evo.14629 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0014-3820
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 3834.000000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library STI - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 24427.xml