Advancing Physically‐Based Flow Simulations of Alluvial Systems Through Atmospheric Noble Gases and the Novel 37Ar Tracer Method. Issue 12 (14th December 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schilling, Oliver S.; Gerber, Christoph; Partington, Daniel J.; Purtschert, Roland; Brennwald, Matthias S.; Kipfer, Rolf; Hunkeler, Daniel; Brunner, Philip
• Is Part Of: Water resources research. Volume 53:Issue 12(2017)
• Page Start: 10465
• Page End: 10490
• Publication Date: 2017-12-14
• Subjects: surface water‐groundwater interactions -- physically based flow modeling -- HydroGeoSphere -- end‐member mixing -- 37Ar -- noble gases; Hydrology -- Periodicals; 333.91
• DOI: 10.1002/2017WR020754
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0043-1397

Abstract

Abstract: To provide a sound understanding of the sources, pathways, and residence times of groundwater water in alluvial river‐aquifer systems, a combined multitracer and modeling experiment was carried out in an important alluvial drinking water wellfield in Switzerland. 222 Rn, 3 H/ 3 He, atmospheric noble gases, and the novel 37 Ar‐method were used to quantify residence times and mixing ratios of water from different sources. With a half‐life of 35.1 days, 37 Ar allowed to successfully close a critical observational time gap between 222 Rn and 3 H/ 3 He for residence times of weeks to months. Covering the entire range of residence times of groundwater in alluvial systems revealed that, to quantify the fractions of water from different sources in such systems, atmospheric noble gases and helium isotopes are tracers suited for end‐member mixing analysis. A comparison between the tracer‐based mixing ratios and mixing ratios simulated with a fully‐integrated, physically‐based flow model showed that models, which are only calibrated against hydraulic heads, cannot reliably reproduce mixing ratios or residence times of alluvial river‐aquifer systems. However, the tracer‐based mixing ratios allowed the identification of an appropriate flow model parametrization. Consequently, for alluvial systems, we recommend the combination of multitracer studies that cover all relevant residence times with fully‐coupled, physically‐based flow modeling to better characterize the complex interactions of river‐aquifer systems. Key Points: An observational gap in intermediate residence time scales of weeks to months could be closed through the novel 37 Ar tracer method Multitracer studies combined with numerical flow models are ideal tools to quantify mixing in surface water‐groundwater systems We provide the first integration of tracer data covering all relevant time scales with a physically based numerical model