Fatal attraction: The roles of ribosomal proteins in the viral life cycle. (12th July 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Miller, Clare M.; Selvam, Sangeetha; Fuchs, Gabriele
• Is Part Of: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Volume 12:Number 2(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-07-12
• Subjects: ribosomes -- translation -- viral infection; RNA -- Periodicals; 572.8805
• DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1613
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1757-7004

Abstract

Abstract: Upon viral infection of a host cell, each virus starts a program to generate many progeny viruses. Although viruses interact with the host cell in numerous ways, one critical step in the virus life cycle is the expression of viral proteins, which are synthesized by the host ribosomes in conjunction with host translation factors. Here we review different mechanisms viruses have evolved to effectively seize host cell ribosomes, the roles of specific ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications on viral RNA translation, or the cellular response to infection. We further highlight ribosomal proteins with extra‐ribosomal function during viral infection and put the knowledge of ribosomal proteins during viral infection into the larger context of ribosome‐related diseases, known as ribosomopathies. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Mechanisms Translation > Translation Regulation Abstract : All viruses require host cell ribosomes for expression of viral proteins, starting a battle between the host cell and the virus for ribosomes. Viruses usurp specific ribosomal proteins to facilitate viral protein biosynthesis. Viruses directly or indirectly induce posttranslational modifications, or utilize extra‐ribosomal functions in other steps of the virus life cycle. In contrast, cells try to control and limit viruses' ribosome access, either by altering posttranslational modifications of ribosomes, by blocking viral replication, or by blocking other steps of the virus life cycle where ribosomal proteins function outside of the ribosome.