Adjuvants in micro‐ to nanoscale: current state and future direction. (6th June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gupta, Ankur; Das, Soumen; Schanen, Brian; Seal, Sudipta
• Is Part Of: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Volume 8:Number 1(2016)
• Page Start: 61
• Page End: 84
• Publication Date: 2015-06-06
• Subjects: Nanomedicine -- Periodicals; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Ultrastructure (Biology) -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1354
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1939-5116

Abstract

Abstract : Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for over 70 years to promote long‐lived and sterilizing immunity. Since then, various adjuvant systems were developed by combining nanotechnology with natural and/or synthetic immunomodulatory molecules. These systems are biocompatible, immunogenic, and possess higher antigen carrying capacity. This article showcases advancements made in the adjuvant systems formulations, their synthesis routes, and the improvement of these adjuvants have brought in response to combat against ongoing global health threats such as malaria, hepatitis C, universal influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus. This review also highlights the interaction of adjuvants with the delivery of antigens to cells and unfolds mechanism of actions. In addition, this review discusses the physicochemical factors responsible for the efficient interaction of nanoadjuvants with antigen receptors to develop more effective, less reactogenic, and multifunctional systems for the next generation vaccines. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 8:61–84. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1354 This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures