Comparative morphological study of skeletal muscle weight among the red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and various fowl breeds (Gallus domesticus). Issue 8 (26th November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Endo, Hideki; Tsunekawa, Naoki; Kudo, Kohei; Oshida, Tatsuo; Motokawa, Masaharu; Sonoe, Mitsuru; Wanghongsa, Sawai; Tirawattanawanich, Chanin; Phimphachanhvongsod, Viengsavanh; Sasaki, Takeshi; Yonezawa, Takahiro; Akishinonomiya, Fumihito
• Other Names: Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of experimental zoology. Volume 338:Issue 8(2022)
• Page Start: 542
• Page End: 551
• Publication Date: 2021-11-26
• Subjects: breeding -- chicken -- domestication -- fighting cock -- skeletal muscle; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; Evolution (Biology) -- Periodicals; Molecular evolution -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals; Evolution, Molecular -- Periodicals; Developmental Biology -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals; 591
• DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23111
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1552-5007

Abstract

Abstract: We examined the weight distribution of skeletal muscles of the red jungle fowl, then compared these values with those of domesticated populations to determine how muscle distribution has changed by selecting breeding. Sonia, Fayoumi, and Rhode Island Red were selected for comparison from livestock breeds, while Japanese Shamo and Thai fighting cocks were selected from cockfighting groups. Principal component analysis was applied using body size‐free data. The mass distribution of muscles clearly differed between the wild, livestock, and cockfighting groups, demonstrating that muscle distribution has changed after selecting breeding, coupled with functional demands of each group. The red jungle fowl, which has the ability to fly, could be clearly distinguished from the flightless domesticated populations due to differences in flight pectoral muscle size. The cervical muscles in the wild population were smaller than in the domesticated groups; these do not contribute to flight. The gluteal muscles were larger in the fighting cock group, functionally coupled to their traditionally preferred upright posture. Wild bird populations typically exhibit reduced weight of their hind limbs, associated with flight, but as the red jungle fowl displays largely terrestrial behavior, these muscles are similar in arrangement and relative size to those of the livestock groups. We showed that the mass distribution pattern of skeletal muscles expresses selecting breeding strategy and clearly reflects the specific traits for each group. Abstract : The mass distribution pattern of skeletal muscles expresses artificial breeding strategy and clearly reflects the differences of functional demands between the wild, livestock, and cockfighting groups based on tradition, culture, or spiritual world Research Highlights: The mass distribution of muscles clearly differed between the wild, livestock, and fighting cock groups in the fowl. The fowl is an ideal research material showing the history of domestication and selecting breeding from the social needs.