Multiplex Detection of Antibody Landscapes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/Influenza/Common Human Coronaviruses Following Vaccination or Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza . (10th June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Zhu Nan; Liu, Feng; Jefferson, Stacie; Horner, Lauren; Carney, Paul; Johnson, Michael D L; King, Jennifer P; Martin, Emily T; Zimmerman, Richard K; Wernli, Karen; Gaglani, Manjusha; Thompson, Mark; Flannery, Brendan; Stevens, James; Tumpey, Terrence; Levine, Min Z
• Is Part Of: Clinical infectious diseases. Volume 75(2022)Supplement 2
• Page Start: S271
• Page End: S284
• Publication Date: 2022-06-10
• Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 -- influenza -- common human coronaviruses -- multiplex detection -- antibody landscape; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; 616.905
• DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac472
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1058-4838

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to co-circulate, representing 2 major public health threats from respiratory infections with similar clinical presentations. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines can also now be co-administered. However, data on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and vaccine co-administration remain limited. Methods: We developed a 41-plex antibody immunity assay that can simultaneously characterize antibody landscapes to SARS-CoV-2/influenza/common human coronaviruses. We analyzed sera from 840 individuals (11–93 years), including sera from reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed SARS-CoV-2–positive (n = 218) and –negative (n = 120) cases, paired sera from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (n = 29) and infection (n = 11), and paired sera from influenza vaccination (n = 56) and RT-PCR–confirmed influenza infection (n = 158) cases. Last, we analyzed sera collected from 377 individuals who exhibited acute respiratory illness (ARI) in 2020. Results: This 41-plex assay has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. It differentiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (antibody responses only to spike protein) from infection (antibody responses to both spike and nucleoprotein). No cross-reactive antibodies were induced to SARS-CoV-2 from influenza vaccination and infection, and vice versa, suggesting no interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza antibody responses. However, cross-reactive antibodies were detected between spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and common human coronaviruses that were removed by serum adsorption. Among 377 individuals who exhibited ARI in 2020, 129 were influenza positive; none had serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfections. Conclusions: Multiplex detection of antibody landscapes can provide in-depth analysis of the antibody protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of other respiratory viruses, including influenza. Abstract : Antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of other respiratory viruses (influenza and common human coronaviruses) was analyzed by antibody landscapes. No cross-reactive antibodies were detected between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza; cross-reactive antibodies were detected between SARS-CoV-2 and human common coronaviruses.