Child maltreatment reporting during the initial weeks of COVID-19 in the US: Findings from NCANDS. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shusterman, Gila R.; Fluke, John D.; Nunez, Juan J.; Fettig, Nicole B.; Kebede, Bethel K.
• Is Part Of: Child abuse & neglect. Volume 134(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- NCANDS -- Child maltreatment reporting -- Child protective services; Child abuse -- Periodicals; 362.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105929
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0145-2134

Abstract

Abstract: Background: After the national COVID-19 emergency declaration in the U.S. in March 2020, child welfare agencies observed large reductions in maltreatment reporting. Objective: To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child maltreatment reporting nationally to inform policy for future emergencies. Participants and setting: Administrative data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) for 48 states for federal fiscal years (FFYs) 2017 through 2020. Methods: Analyses focused on reports to child protective services (CPS) between weeks 12 and 24 of calendar years 2017 through 2020 (mid-March through mid-June). Report sources of screened in and substantiated reports were compared with those during the prior year. Likelihood of a report being substantiated in 2020 compared with 2019 based on report source was calculated using odds ratios. Results: In 2020, CPS screened in 39 % fewer reports than during the same period in 2019 and the proportion of reports substantiated increased from 18 to 22 %. Reports from all report sources decreased, especially from education personnel (90 % decrease) and child daycare providers (65 % decrease). The odds for substantiation were significantly higher during 2020 than in 2019 for reports from all but three sources. Conclusion: During the initial weeks following the national COVID-19 emergency declaration, the number of reports to CPS declined sharply at the national level and across all states, primarily in association with a large reduction in referrals from education sentinels. Explanations for the increase in percent of substantiation in the context of reduction of reports are considered.