Does it deliver what it promises? Evaluation of cognitive distraction caused by speech-based interfaces with detection response and box task. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Loew, Alexandra; Forster, Yannick; Naujoks, Frederik; Biebl, Bianca; Keinath, Andreas; Bengler, Klaus
• Is Part Of: Transportation research. Volume 91(2022)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 16
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Driver distraction -- Cognitive workload -- Speech-based assistants -- Evaluation methods; Automobile drivers -- Psychology -- Periodicals; Automobile driving -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; 629.283019
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2022.09.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1369-8478

Abstract

Highlights: Investigation of suitability of Box-Task and Detection Response Task (DRT) for cognitive distraction. Comparison of different natural secondary tasks (smartphone speech-based systems) to artificial tasks ( n -back) with additional variations in workload. DRT can discriminate workload levels in artificial tasks but not natural tasks. Further research necessary for methodological application with natural speech-based interaction. Abstract: Speech is considered a promising modality for human-machine interaction while driving, especially in reducing visual and manual distraction. However, speech-based user interfaces themselves have shown to increase cognitive distraction. There remains a lack of standardized and unambiguous methods for measuring the impact of speech-based assistants on cognitive distraction while driving. This work aims to investigate whether the combination of the box task and the detection response task (DRT) is a suitable method for assessing the cognitive distraction caused by speech-based assistants. For this purpose, participants ( N = 39) engaged in artificial ( n -back tasks) and natural speech-based secondary tasks (interaction with Android's Google Assistant and Apple's Siri) differing in predefined levels of cognitive workload while performing the box task and the DRT. The results showed that DRT performance differed between the 0-back and 1-back task but not between the different cognitive workload levels of the speech-based assistants. No clear effects emerged for the box task parameters. Thus, the combination of the box task and DRT is well-suited for measuring cognitive distraction caused by artificial secondary tasks but not by natural interactions with speech-based assistants.