Immigration, welfare, and inequality: How much does the labor market specification matter?. Issue 5 (6th June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Docquier, Frédéric; Ikhenaode, Bright Isaac; Scheewel, Hendrik
• Other Names: Facchini Giovanni guestEditor.; Rapoport Hillel guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Review of international economics. Volume 30:Issue 5(2022)
• Page Start: 1315
• Page End: 1347
• Publication Date: 2022-06-06
• Subjects: immigration -- income inequality -- labor force participation -- search and matching -- unemployment -- welfare; International economic relations -- Periodicals; International finance -- Periodicals; Economic policy -- Periodicals; 330
• DOI: 10.1111/roie.12615
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-7576

Abstract

Abstract: General equilibrium models are frequently used to estimate the effect of immigration on welfare and inequality in the host country. Existing studies differ in the way they formalize the labor market implications for natives, which in turn govern the strength of the other transmission mechanisms. To assess the extent to which the choice of the labor market specification influences the findings, we build an encompassing model that distinguishes between broad classes of individuals. We calibrate it for 20 selected OECD member states, and compare several specifications involving different assumptions on labor supply decisions, unemployment rates, and wage formation, as well as different calibration strategies. The size and the sign of the average welfare and distributional effects of immigration are robust to the labor market specification. Endogenizing unemployment and participation rates leads to slightly better welfare and distributional effects in most OECD countries but overall, adding margins of labor market adjustment barely affects the findings of models based on simpler assumptions.