Understanding of the residual odour of fatty esters used as emollient in cosmetic products. (2nd September 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Understanding of the residual odour of fatty esters used as emollient in cosmetic products. (2nd September 2022)
- Main Title:
- Understanding of the residual odour of fatty esters used as emollient in cosmetic products
- Authors:
- Jaricot, Marie
Malhiac, Catherine
Chao, Christina
Merlaud, Fabien
Grisel, Michel
Savary, Géraldine - Abstract:
- Abstract: Objective: Fatty esters are known for their versatility, but in addition to their performance as emollients, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersing agents, they have to meet more and more criteria to be used in cosmetic products. Thus, their olfactory characteristics are expected to be as neutral as possible. However, despite a step of deodorization during the synthesis of fatty esters, a residual odour is currently still perceived at the end of the process. Methods: In this study, a specific analytical methodology combining sensory with chemical analyses was implemented to characterize the residual odour of two fatty esters and to determine its origin. Ethyl oleate and isononyl isononanoate were selected and underwent a sensory analysis to evaluate their odour intensity and odour profile. Volatile compounds released by these esters were assessed by GC–MS after solid‐phase microextraction and among them, odouractive compounds were brought into light using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and olfactometry analyses. Results: On the isononyl isononanoate chromatogram, only peaks corresponding to the different isomeric ester forms were evidenced while around 70 volatile compounds were detected in the ethyl oleate headspace, including esters, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and ketones. Isononyl alcohol used as raw material in the synthesis was proven to be responsible for isononyl isononanoate final odour. As for ethyl oleate, of the 23 odour‐activeAbstract: Objective: Fatty esters are known for their versatility, but in addition to their performance as emollients, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersing agents, they have to meet more and more criteria to be used in cosmetic products. Thus, their olfactory characteristics are expected to be as neutral as possible. However, despite a step of deodorization during the synthesis of fatty esters, a residual odour is currently still perceived at the end of the process. Methods: In this study, a specific analytical methodology combining sensory with chemical analyses was implemented to characterize the residual odour of two fatty esters and to determine its origin. Ethyl oleate and isononyl isononanoate were selected and underwent a sensory analysis to evaluate their odour intensity and odour profile. Volatile compounds released by these esters were assessed by GC–MS after solid‐phase microextraction and among them, odouractive compounds were brought into light using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and olfactometry analyses. Results: On the isononyl isononanoate chromatogram, only peaks corresponding to the different isomeric ester forms were evidenced while around 70 volatile compounds were detected in the ethyl oleate headspace, including esters, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and ketones. Isononyl alcohol used as raw material in the synthesis was proven to be responsible for isononyl isononanoate final odour. As for ethyl oleate, of the 23 odour‐active compounds perceived, 14 have been identified; they are mainly esters and saturated as well as unsaturated aldehydes. Conclusion: A novel measurement approach was presented to analyse trace odours of fatty esters and the results will be useful to control their deodorization by targeting appropriate strategies with the aim to either avoid the formation or remove the identified odorant compounds. This study may be further expanded by investigating the impact of deodorization on odour‐active compounds for a complete understanding of their contribution to the fatty ester global odour. Abstract : This study proposes novel measurement approaches to analyze trace odors of emollients and improve their deodorization by targeting appropriate strategies with the aim to either avoid the formation or remove the identified odorant compounds. These findings are precious for ingredients development and optimization in order to meet consumers' quality requirements. Résumé: OBJECTIF: Les esters gras sont connus pour leur polyvalence, mais en plus de leurs performances en tant qu'émollients, émulsifiants, solubilisants ou agents dispersants, ils doivent répondre à de plus en plus de critères pour être utilisés dans les produits cosmétiques. Ainsi, une odeur la plus neutre possible est recherchée par les formulateurs. Cependant, malgré une étape de désodorisation lors de la synthèse, une faible odeur résiduelle est souvent encore perçue à la fin du processus. METHODES: Dans cette étude, une méthodologie analytique spécifique combinant des analyses sensorielles et chimiques a été mise en œuvre pour caractériser l'odeur résiduelle de deux esters gras et déterminer son origine. L'oléate d'éthyle et l'isononanoate d'isononyle ont été sélectionnés et une analyse sensorielle a été menée pour évaluer l'intensité et le profil descriptif de leur odeur. Les composés volatils libérés par ces deux esters ont été identifiés par GC‐MS après microextraction en phase solide (SPME) et parmi eux, les composés odorants ont été mis en évidence à l'aide de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à des analyses de spectrométrie de masse et d'olfactométrie (GC‐MS‐O). RESULTATS: Sur le chromatogramme de l'isononanoate d'isononyle, seuls des pics correspondant aux différentes formes isomériques de l'ester ont été mis en évidence tandis qu'environ 70 composés volatils ont été détectés dans l'espace de tête de l'oléate d'éthyle, parmi lesquels des esters, des aldéhydes, des hydrocarbures et des cétones. Il a été montré que l'alcool isononylique utilisé comme matière première dans la synthèse était responsable de l'odeur finale de l'isononanoate d'isononyle. Pour l'oléate d'éthyle, sur les 23 composés odorants perçus, 14 ont été identifiés ; il s'agit principalement d'esters et d'aldéhydes saturés ou insaturés. CONCLUSION: Ce travail présente une approche efficace pour analyser les traces d'odeur des esters gras. Les résultats obtenus permettront de contrôler la désodorisation de ces ingrédients cosmétiques en ciblant des stratégies appropriées dans le but d'éliminer spécifiquement les composés odorants identifiés. Cette étude pourra être élargie en étudiant l'impact de la désodorisation sur les composés odorants pour une meilleure compréhension de leur contribution à l'odeur globale des esters gras. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- International journal of cosmetic science. Volume 44:Number 6(2022)
- Journal:
- International journal of cosmetic science
- Issue:
- Volume 44:Number 6(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 44, Issue 6 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 44
- Issue:
- 6
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0044-0006-0000
- Page Start:
- 685
- Page End:
- 702
- Publication Date:
- 2022-09-02
- Subjects:
- chemical analysis -- fatty esters -- formulation -- odour‐active compounds -- stability -- volatile compounds
Cosmetics -- Periodicals
668.5505 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=ics ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-2494 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/ics.12811 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0142-5463
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4542.178400
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 24269.xml