Determining the Relationship Between Blood Pressure, Kidney Function, and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From Genetic Epidemiology. Issue 12 (9th September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Staplin, Natalie; Herrington, William G.; Murgia, Federico; Ibrahim, Maysson; Bull, Katherine R.; Judge, Parminder K.; Ng, Sarah Y.A.; Turner, Michael; Zhu, Doreen; Emberson, Jonathan; Landray, Martin J.; Baigent, Colin; Haynes, Richard; Hopewell, Jemma C.
• Is Part Of: Hypertension. Volume 79:Issue 12(2022)
• Page Start: 2671
• Page End: 2681
• Publication Date: 2022-09-09
• Subjects: chronic -- creatinine -- blood pressure -- epidemiology -- renal insufficiency; Hypertension -- Periodicals; Hypertension -- Treatment -- Periodicals; 616.132005
• DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19354
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0194-911X

Abstract

Abstract : Background: It is well established that decreased kidney function can increase blood pressure (BP), but it is unproven whether moderately elevated BP causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) or glomerular hyperfiltration. Methods: 311 119 White British UK Biobank participants were included in logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of CKD (defined as long-term kidney replacement therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]< 60mL/min/1.73m 2, or urinary albumin:creatinine ratio ≥3 mg/mmol) associated with higher genetically predicted BP using genetic risk scores comprising 219 systolic and 223 diastolic BP loci. Analyses estimating associations with clinical categories of eGFR and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were also conducted, with an eGFR ≥120 mL (min·1.73m 2 ) considered evidence of glomerular hyperfiltration. Results: 21 623 participants had CKD: 7781 with reduced eGFR and 15 500 with albuminuria. 1828 participants had an eGFR ≥120 mL/min/1.73m 2 . Each genetically predicted 10 mmHg higher systolic BP and 5 mmHg higher diastolic BP were associated with a 37% (95% CI, 1.29–1.45) and 19% (1.14–1.25) higher odds of CKD, respectively. Associations were evident for both the reduced eGFR and albuminuria components of the CKD outcome. The odds of hyperfiltration (versus an eGFR ≥60 and <90 mL/min/1.73m 2 were 49% higher (95% CI, 1.21–1.84) for each genetically predicted 10 mmHg higher systolic BP. Associations with CKD and hyperfiltration were similar irrespective of preexisting diabetes, vascular disease, or different levels of adiposity. Conclusions: In this general population, genetic epidemiological evidence supports a causal role of life-long differences in BP for decreased kidney function, glomerular hyperfiltration, and albuminuria. Physiological autoregulation may not afford complete renal protection against the moderate BP elevations.