Liquid air energy storage for ancillary services in an integrated hybrid renewable system. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kheshti, Mostafa; Zhao, Xiaowei; Liang, Ting; Nie, Binjian; Ding, Yulong; Greaves, Deborah
• Is Part Of: Renewable energy. Volume 199(2022)
• Page Start: 298
• Page End: 307
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: ancillary service -- Fast frequency response -- Hybrid renewable sources -- Liquid air energy storage -- Microgrid -- Wind energy; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-1481

Abstract

Abstract: High shares of intermittent renewable sources cause volatile frequency movements that could jeopardize the continuous operation of the grid. Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is an emerging technology that not only helps with decarbonisation of energy sectors, but also has potentials for reliable ancillary services. In this paper, a hybrid LAES, wind turbine (WT), and battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to investigate their contributions in fast frequency control. The inertial control, droop control and combined inertial and droop terms are applied on each source of the hybrid renewable system and a comprehensive analysis is conducted to study their impacts on the frequency nadir improvement. The analysis shows that LAES with combined inertial and droop control terms along with inertial control of WT and BESS provide reliable frequency control. To further improve the frequency nadir, a Fuzzy control is proposed and applied on the LAES. The proposed control system provides a more adaptive performance against disturbances. Also, experimental tests are conducted to validate the proposed control method using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop test rig. The simulation and experimental results show that LAES in a hybrid renewable system can significantly contribute to the frequency control when variable gain control schemes are implemented. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: A novel fast frequency response scheme is proposed using a hybrid renewable system. Hybrid system contains liquid air energy storage (LAES)-wind turbine-battery. Combination of inertial control and droop control are applied on the hybrid system. Secondary frequency dip is solved by active power control of LAES. Adaptive control of LAES gives better frequency nadir compared to inertial control.