A critical review of microplastic degradation and material flow analysis towards a circular economy. (15th December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cholewinski, Aleksander; Dadzie, Eugenia; Sherlock, Cassandra; Anderson, William A.; Charles, Trevor C.; Habib, Komal; Young, Steven B.; Zhao, Boxin
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 315(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12-15
• Subjects: Microplastics -- Material flow analysis -- Photocatalytic degradation -- Biodegradation; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120334
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: The resilience and low cost of plastics has made their usage ubiquitous, but is also the cause of their prevalence and longevity as waste. Plastic pollution has become a great concern to the health and wellbeing of ecosystems around the world; microplastics are a particular threat, due to their high mobility, ease of ingestion by wildlife, and ability to adsorb and carry toxic contaminants. Material flow analysis has been widely applied to examine stocks and flows of materials in other industries, and has more recently been applied to plastics to examine areas where waste can reach the environment. However, while much research has gone into the environmental fate of microplastics, degradation strategies have been a lesser focus, and material flow analysis of microplastics has suffered from lack of data. Furthermore, the variety of plastics, their additives, and any contaminants pose a significant challenge in degrading (and not merely fragmenting) microplastic particles. This review discusses the current degradation strategies and solutions for dealing with existing and newly-generated microplastic waste along with examining the status of microplastics-based material flow analysis, which are critical for evaluating the possibility of incorporating microplastic waste into a circular economy. The degradation strategies are critically examined, identifying challenges and current trends, as well as important considerations that are frequently under-reported. An emphasis is placed on identifying missing data or information in both material flow analysis and degradation methods that could prove crucial in improving understanding of microplastic flows, as well as optimizing degradation strategies and minimizing any negative environmental impact. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Microplastic remediation is trending towards sustainable options. Challenges arise from variety of plastics, additives, and contaminants. Completeness of degradation is important, but not often investigated. Additional reporting of parameters and characterization is needed. Degradation techniques could be combined to address their respective disadvantages.