Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries. Issue 10363 (5th November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Glasbey, James C; Abbott, Tom EF; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Adisa, Adewale; AlAmeer, Ehab; Alshryda, Sattar; Arnaud, Alexis P; Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany; Abou Chaar, M K; Chaudhry, Daoud; Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa; Cunha, Miguel F; Davies, Justine I; Desai, Anant; Elhadi, Muhammed; Fiore, Marco; Fitzgerald, James Edward; Fourtounas, Maria; Fowler, Alex James; Futaba, Kay; Gallo, Gaetano; Ghosh, Dhruva; Gujjuri, Rohan R; Hamilton, Rebecca; Haque, Parvez; Harrison, Ewen M; Hutchinson, Peter; Hyman, Gabriella; Isik, Arda; Jayarajah, Umesh; Kaafarani, Haytham MA; Kadir, Bryar; Lawani, Ismail; Lederhuber, Hans; Li, Elizabeth; Löffler, Markus W; Lorena, Maria Aguilera; Mann, Harvinder; Martin, Janet; Mazingi, Dennis; McClain, Craig D; McLean, Kenneth A; Meara, John G; Ramos-De La Medina, Antonio; Mengesha, Mengistu; Minaya, Ana; Modolo, Maria Marta; Moore, Rachel; Morton, Dion; Nepogodiev, Dmitri; Ntirenganya, Faustin; Pata, Francesco; Pearse, Rupert; Picciochi, Maria; Pinkney, Thomas; Pockney, Peter; van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H; Richards, Toby; Roslani, April Camilla; Satoi, Sohei; Sayyed, Raza; Shaw, Richard; Simões, Joana FF; Smart, Neil; Sullivan, Richard; Sund, Malin; Sundar, Sudha; Tabiri, Stephen; Taylor, Elliott H; Venn, Mary L; Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha; Wright, Naomi; Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu; Bhangu, Aneel; Omar, Omar; Harrison, Ewen; Bhangu, Aneel A; Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena; Benson, Ruth A; Bywater, Edward; Dawson, Brett E; Evans, Jonathan P; Heritage, Emily; Jones, Conor S; Kamarajah, Sivesh K; Khatri, Chetan; Khaw, Rachel A; Keatley, James M; Knight, Andrew; Lawday, Samuel; Mann, Harvinder S; Marson, Ella J; Mckay, Siobhan C; Mills, Emily C; Pellino, Gianluca; Tiwari, Abhinav; Trout, Isobel M; Wilkin, Richard JW; Abukhalaf, Sadi; Adamina, Michel; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O; Agarwal, Arnav; Akkulak, Murat; Alameer, Ehab; Alderson, Derek; Alakaloko, Felix; Albertsmeier, Markus; Alser, Osaid; Alshaar, Muhammad; Augestad, Knut Magne; Ayasra, Faris; Azevedo, José; Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K; Barlow, Emma; Beard, David; Blanco-Colino, Ruth; Brar, Amanpreet; Minaya-Bravo, Ana; Breen, Kerry A; Bretherton, Chris; Buarque, Igor Lima; Burke, Joshua; Caruana, Edward J; Chaar, Mohammad; Chakrabortee, Sohini; Christensen, Peter; Cox, Daniel; Cukier, Moises; Davidson, Giana H; Di Saverio, Salomone; Drake, Thomas M; Edwards, John G; Emile, Sameh; Farik, Shebani; Ford, Samuel; Garmanova, Tatiana; Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde; Grecinos, Gustavo; Griffiths, Ewen A; Gruendl, Magdalena; Halkias, Constantine; Hisham, Intisar; Hutchinson, Peter J; Hwang, Shelley; Jenkinson, Michael D; Jonker, Pascal; Keller, Debby; Kolias, Angelos; Kruijff, Schelto; Leventoglu, Sezai; Litvin, Andrey; Loehrer, Andrew; Modolo, Maria Marta; Major, Piotr; Mashbari, Hassan N; Metallidis, Symeon; Mohan, Helen M; Moszkowicz, David; Moug, Susan; Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S; Maimbo, Mayaba; Negoi, Ionut; Niquen, Milagros; Olivos, Maricarmen; Oussama, Kacimi; Outani, Oumaima; Parreno-Sacdalanm, Marie Dione; Rivera, Carlos Jose Perez; Pinkney, Thomas D; Plas, Willemijn van der; Qureshi, Ahmad; Radenkovic, Dejan; Ramos-De La Medina, Antonio; Revell, Elliot J; Roberts, Keith; Roslani, April C; RutegÃ¥rd, Martin; Segura-Sampedro, Juan José; Santos, Irène; Schache, Andrew; Schnitzbauer, Andreas A; Seyi-Olajide, Justina O; Sharma, Neil; Shaw, Catherine A; Shu, Sebastian; Soreide, Kjetil; Spinelli, Antonino; Stewart, Grant D; Townend, Philip; Tsoulfas, Georgios; Vidya, Raghavan; Vimalachandran, Dale; Warren, Oliver J; Wedderburn, Duane; EuroSurg, NA; European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), NA; Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, NA; GlobalSurg, NA; GlobalPaedSurg, NA; ItSURG, NA; PTSurg, NA; SpainSurg, NA; Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery, NA; Association of Surgeons in Training, NA; Irish Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC), NA; Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working, NA; Italian Society of Surgical Oncology, NA; Booth, Lesley; Barker, Margaret; Barker, Neil; Cooke, Shirley; Doré, Suzanne; Horwood, Nigel; Runigamugabo, Emmy; Weir, Carrie Tierney; Bahrami-Hessari, Mike; Riaz, Asad; Shah, Jaffer; Safi, Mohammed; Thereska, Dariel; Dajti, Irida; Cheddadi, Riadh; Tidjane, Anisse; Quinteros, Carlos A; khelfaoui, Ahmed; Salem, Khalifa M; Riffi, Omar; Kacimi, Salah Eddine O; Loudjedi, Salim; Damerdji, Tidjani; Pantoja Pachajoa, Diana A; Palacios Huatuco, René M; Alvarez, Fernando A; Doniquian, Alejandro M; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto A; Schlottmann, Francisco; Cobos, Carlos M; Gigena, Cecilia; Forneris, Agustin Albani; Duro, Agustin; García-Mansilla, Agustín M; Busnelli, Virginia Cano; Poggi, Catalina; Mercado, Pedro L; González, Marcos; Castro Lalin, Agustina F; Mayer, Horacio F; Brandariz, Rodrigo; Slullitel, Pablo A; Boudou, Rocio; Lobos, Pablo A; Uffelmann, María C; Petersen, Maria L; Luzzi, Emilia; Padilla Lichtenberger, Fernando L; Crespi Amor, María S; Zarratea, Celeste S; Esteves, Tomas A; Gemelli, Nicolas A; Tirapegui, Sebastián; Liyo, Juan; Scherñuk, Jordán; Boccalatte, Luis A; Balmaceda, Ruben D; D'Addino, Jose L; Caubet, María M; Calderón Arancibia, José A; Chwat, Carina; Morris, Brian; Avellaneda, Nicolas; Pedraza Salazar, Ivana I; Eskinazi, Diego G; Vargas, Lara; Muriel, María E; Lucchini, Sergio M; Gosselink, Martijn P; Davis, Amelia L; Barker, John C; Qin, Kirby R; Proud, David M; Cox, Daniel RA; Goh, Su Kah; Liu, David S; Wu, Damien M; Merrett, Neil D; Badiani, Sarit S; Sengupta, Shomik; Jain, Anshini; Steen, Christopher J; Wong, Enoch; Ip, Christopher CK; Leaning, Matthew G; McCartney, Conor B; Gananadha, Sivakumar; Yeap, Evie FW; Stevens, Sean G; Vu, Anh N; Martin, Sarah A; Stanley, Guy H M; Watson, David I; Townend, Philip J; Young, Thomas K; Cox, Georgia T; Dawson, Amanda C; Laura, Sharon E; Lun, Elizabeth W Y; Liang, Ina X; O'Neill, Christine J; Lott, Natalie J; Chuan, Alwin; Saravanan, SK; Gundara, Justin; Ong, Bee Shan; Nataraja, Ramesh M; Pacilli, Maurizio; Foley, Daniel M; Ooi, Geraldine J; Traeger, Luke; MacDermid, Ewan; Daruwalla, Jurstine; Hodgson, Russell; Heriot, Alexander G; Mulligan, Christopher S; Blefari, Nicholas D A; Purcell, Shaun S; Frankel, Adam J; Guerra, Glen R; Tefay, Joan S; Liang, Rhea W Y; Kroon, Hidde M; Farfus, Anthony W; Warren, Leigh R; Roy, Jennifer M; Whitfield, Robert J; Moller, Cea-Cea B; Davis, Sean S; Sammour, Tarik; Lam, Yick Ho; Kour, Kevin; Gan, Siang Wei; Coventry, Brendon J; Dawson, Joseph A; Batstone, Martin D; King, Sebastian K; Scott, Nathan J; Foo, Jonathan W; Shepherd, Talia; Page, Richard S; Choong, Peter F; Badgery, Henry E; Chong, Lynn; Taylor, Lillian; Hii, Michael W; Wright, Gavin M; Kong, Joseph CH; Watson, Matthew M; Bock, Jacob; Lidder, Surjit S; Elias, Patrick; Kanavathy, Sathisvaran; Koh, Cherry E; Chennakesavan, Srinivas Kondalsamy; Panuganti, Vishwakar; Latif, Haider; Yeung, Justin MC; Besson, Alex J; Tse, Eunice Q Y; Pitcher, Meron E; Taylor, Danielle L; Nahm, Christopher B; Lim, Alicia; Tree, Kevin; Aigner, Felix; Dawoud, Christopher; Foessleitner, Philipp; Zimmermann, Matthias; Wiedemann, Dominik; Findl, Oliver; Messner, Franka; Bauer, Marlies; Nägele, Felix; Kronberger, Irmgard E; Öfner, Dietmar; Härter, Bettina; Bicz, Nina Ru B; Zwittag, Paul M; Poier, Nikolaus; Navarro, Francisco Ruiz; Zebuhr, Yorck A; Köglberger, Paul; Wiesinger, Clemens G; Mathew, Erwin; Trivik-Barrientos, Felipe; Königsrainer, Ingmar; Djedovic, Gabriel; Cohnert, Tina U; Lumenta, David B; Singer, Georg; Leithner, Andreas; Kamolz, Lars-Peter; Andrianakis, Alexandros; Puchwein, Paul; Mikalauskas, Saulius; Kirchweger, Patrick; Függer, Reinhold; Mittermair, Christof; Russe, Elisabeth; Paal, Peter; Grünbart, Martin; de Cillia, Michael; Weiss, Helmut G; Steiner, Florian; Binder, Alf Dorian; Samadov, Elgun; Ibrahimli, Arturan; Muslumov, Gurbankhan; Bayramov, Nuru Y; Saunders, Jada M; Almoosa, Noora; Haj-Ibrahim, Huzifa; Maresch, Martin; Ezzdean, Weaam K; Juma, Isam M; Hasan, Layla H; Haider, Fayza HA; Alfaqawi, Ghassan Salman; Alam, Mohammed S; Islam, Shahnoor; Basher, AKM K; Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman; Islam, Nazmul; Oosterkamp, Antje E; Ahmed, Tanveer; Hannan, M Jafrul; Padmore, Greg M; Doyle, Alex F; LaCorbiniere, Karisha L; Boyce, Rico D R; Ragoobar, Paul T; Walkes, Keisha M Y; Haynes, Amelia A; Corbin, Sasha M; Litvina, Yauheniya A; Makhmudov, Anvar; Strypstein, Sébastien; Dhondt, Bert; Rasschaert, Ricky; Farid, Yasser; Wahib, El Mahdi; Pigeolet, Manon; Belle, Koen Van; De Wachter, Stefan; Komen, Niels; Vandeputte, Mathieu PJ; van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H; Jansen, Yanina JL; Stijns, Jasper; Eynde, Jef Van den; Olowo, Benedicte I; Feraudy, Israel C; Dragisic, Vedran; Martinovic, Vlatka; BariÅ¡ić, Tatjana; Penava, Nikolina; Hudic, Igor; Delibegovic, Samir; Bogdanović, Gordana; Grgić, Gordana; Cerovac, Anis; Cerovac, Elmedina; Bedada, Alemayehu G; Baiocchi, Glauco; Wainstein, Alberto; Moisés, Elaine Christine D; Zani, Ana Carolina Tagliatti; de Campos Prado, Caio Antonio; Panis, Carolina; Rech, Daniel; Soares da Silva, Ruan Gabriel; Joviliano, Edwaldo E; Rezende, Ricardo F; Reis, Igor G N; Pires, Robinson E S; Christiano, Adriana Borgonovi; Consani, Heitor F X; Pugliesi, Felipe G; Takeda, Flavio R; Mariani, Alessandro W; Valadares, Ricardo J B; Andreollo, Nelson A; Lopes, Luiz Roberto; Tonello, Cristiano; Alonso, Nivaldo; dos Santos, Carlos Ferreira; Lima, Leonardo S; Salgado, Wilson; Pereira, Thiago H S; Gatti, Arthur Paredes; Oliva, Ramon N L; Nardi, Caroline N; Sousa, Alvaro F L; Ribeiro, Ivonizete P; Carvalho, Herica E F; Oliveira, Layze B; Schneider, Guilherme; Casteleins, William Augusto; Silva, Larissa M; Gomes, Carlos Augusto; da Cunha Viana Júnior, Alonço; Cruz, Ricardo P; Gomes, Gustavo MA; Buarque, Igor L; Barros, Aldo V; Marangon, Gustavo B; Flumignan, Ronald LG; Nakano, Luís CU; Pascoal, Patrícia IF; Santos, Brena C; Kuramoto, Danielle AB; Correia, Rebeca M; Amaral, Fabio CF; Flumignan, Carolina DQ; Dussán-Sarria, Jairo A; Simões, Romeo L; Casteleins, William Augusto; Amorim, Robson L; Silva, Jeancarllo S; Lyra Junior, Humberto F; Julio, Nathalia S; Gerber, Marlus T; dos Santos, José Mauro; de Oliveira, Joao Carlos C; Palamim, Camila VC; Marson, Fernando AL; Gomes, Iolanda M; Oliveira, Priscila R; Lima, Ana Lucia L M; Carvalho, Vladimir C; Silva, Jorge S; NA, Ulysses Ribeiro; Laporte, Gustavo Andreazza; Gonçalves, Mateus Capuzzo; Botacin, Lais S; Avelino, Melissa AG; Brito, Luiz Gustavo O; Hristova, Evguenia T; Stoyanov, Vladislav Valentinov; Sakakushev, Boris E; Dardanov, Dragomir D; Sokolov, Manol B; Mehta, Ananya; Gyokova, Elitsa H; Abdullahi, Mohamed; Karamanliev, Martin P; Dimitrov, Dobromir D; Slavchev, Mihail T; Atanasov, Boyko Ch; Yotsov, Tsanko I; Hadzhiev, Dimitar Bozhidarov; Stock, Simon E; Nwegbu, Chukwuemeka Gerald; Tanyi, Tanyi John; Brown, James A; Arneja, Jugpal S; Lee, Susan M; Kancherla, Ramya; Kidane, Biniam; Champagne, Pierre-Olivier; Ma, Xiya; Munro, Allana; McKeen, Dolores M; Martin, Janet; Glinka, Juan; Vasarhelyi, Edward M; Subramani, Yamini; Alfaro, Hilda; Shah, Ushma J; Gonzalez, Nelson J; MacNeil, S Danielle; Nagappa, Mahesh; Malthaner, Richard A; Brackstone, Muriel; Alkhamesi, Nawar A; Qiabi, Mehdi; Arango-Ferreira, Camila; Prempeh, Agya B A; Dumitra, Sinziana; Spence, Richard T; Bedard, Eric LR; Lee, Susan M; Luc, Jessica GY; Johnston, Brian R; Attabib, Najmedden; Persad, Amit RL; Das, Sunit; Khoshbin, Amir; Ladha, Karim S; Sankar, Ashwin; Teja, Bijan; Daza, Julian F; Chan, Veronica F; Baertschiger, Reto M; Zani, Augusto; Nessim, Carolyn; McIsaac, Daniel I; Singh, Mandeep; Behzadi, Abdollah; Dell, Angela J; Al Riyami, Salim M; Dajani, Khaled Z; Bigam, David; Manikala, Vinod K; Street, John T; Mayson, Kelly V; Wallis, Christopher J D; Mimica, Ximena; Modolo, Maria Marta; Villanueva, Julio; Altamirano, Roberto; Waissbluth, Sofia; Marín, Diego I; Olivos, Maricarmen; Fonseca, Bruno Catoia; Hodali, Andrés J; Ramos, Andrea I; Valenzuela, Marco A; Torres, Janina J; Song, Yi; Yang, Wah; Safi, Mohammed; Aldanakh, Abdullah; Alradhi, Mohammed; Lyu, Yidong; Chen, Yan; Fletcher, Angélica V; Camargo, Daniela; Casanova, Rafael Figueroa; Medina, Camilo Andres Caicedo; Bolivar, Dinimo; Garcia, Tatiana Carolina Beltran; Pedraza, Nestor F; Garcia-Lopez, Andrea; Patino-Jaramillo, Nasly G; Giron, Fernando A; Rivera, Carlos J- Perez; Nieto-Calvache, Albaro José; Ariza, Fredy; Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena; Nanez, Maria A; Garces, Diana S; Figueroa, Luis M; Badiel, Marisol; Martinez, Delio F; Coll-Tello, Brenda; Camelo, Hector F; Montoya Casella, Antonio J; Ordoñez, Sebastian; Velez Sanchez, Paola A; Salcedo, Juan C; Villegas, Lina M; Holguín, Jorge A; Cardozo, Jesús Hernán Tovar; Perdomo, Jorman Harvey Tejada; Perdomo, Valentina Gutiérrez; Rivera-Rincon, Natalia A; Gomez, Paula Torres; Delgado-Nieto, Elena Leonor; Isaza-Restrepo, Andres; Vargas, Felipe; Vargas, Ana M; Castro, Arnulfo Andrade; Navarro, Jorge A; Vargas, Saul E; Calvache, Jose A; Mendoza-Arango, Maria C; Bernal, Jorge Luis Vélez; Gonzalez, Felipe O; Å¡antak, Goran; Kirac, Iva; KrÅ¡ul, Dorian; Versic, Ana Bosak; Augustin, Goran; Kulis, Tomislav; Kastelan, Zeljko; Hadzibegovic, Ana Danic; Grsic, Kresimir; Hudolin, Tvrtko; Tarle, Marko; Mamic, Matija; Lorencin, Mia; Luksic, Ivica; Habek, Dubravko; Konjevoda, Suzana; Mihanovic, Jakov; Antoniou, Stavros A; Almezghwi, Heyam A; Gouvas, Nikolaos; Martinek, Lubomir; Novysedlak, Rene; Žatecký, Jan; Christensen, Peter; Meyhoff, Christian S; Ellebæk, Mark Bremholm; Batista, Sylvia Jeanne; Rodriguez, Julia; Mejia De la Cruz, Dolores; Jimenez, Mirna Giselle Santiago; Dominguez, Carla M; Negrete, José R; Campuzano, Pedro N; Mogrovejo, Daniel L; Armas, Maria J; Arboleda-Bustan, Jenny E; Lincango-Naranjo, Eddy P; El-Kassas, Mohamed; Awad, Ahmed K; Alazab, Emad; Abdulmaseh, Kyrillos G; Diab, Sherein; El Wahab, Mostafa HAbd; Darwesh, Amr; Mostafa, Badr E; Abdelgalil, Mahmoud Shaban; Elbadawy, Merihan A; Reda, Ali M; Asla, Amir Fathi; Fayed, Notaila M; Ahmed, Mohamed S; Elsadek, Menan Ahmed; Gad, Dalia Elsayed; El Saadany, Aya Gameel; Elsadek, Aalaa Mohamed; Asla, Amir Fathi; Sayed, Ahmed E; Naeem, Ahmed; Al-Mallah, Abdullah; Abdelsamed, Ahmed A; Ewedah, Moataz; Soliman, Mohamed O; Tanas, Yousef; Hamouda, Mohammed; Mahfouz, Marina H; Abdo, Manal E; Dean, Yomna E; Lka, Karim; Abodeeb, Aya O; Ashoush, Fouad M F B; Elsherbiny, Roqaia R; Gadelkarim, Mohamed; Osman, Nermin A; MIbrahim, Maya; Youssef, Nehal G; Ibrahim, Mohamed Hamdy; Soliman, Antonios; Gadelkareem, Rabea A; Abbas, Ahmed M; Mohamed Hussein, Aliae AR; Abdelsattar, Khaled; Maher, Ahmed; Elabd, Mohamed M; Abdelazim, Hassan; Ibraheem, Maher H; Noureldin, Yasser A; Elfiky, Mahmoud; Ebrahim, Mohamed A; Abdelrahman, Ahmed Saber Mohamed; Marei, Mahmoud Marei; Elkhalawy, Aya M; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Azab, Mohammed A; Elmasry, Ahmed H; Awad, Ahmed K; Elgazar, Amr; Shalaby, Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed; Mahmoud, Mohammad S; Qassem, Mohamed G; Kinani, Hussein; Wahba, Abdelrahman M; Elbadawy, Merihan A; Ezzat, Rana Hisham; Ahmed, Mai H; Elshawy, Mohamed Elemam; Faragalla, Hazem Metwally; Mahmoud, Khalid D; Nafea, Ahmed M; Abdel-Maboud, Mohamed; Abozied, Hesham; Moharam, Modather; Shehata, Ashraf H; ElKafrawy, Samir A; Tayiawi, Mosaab M; Elghadban, Hosam M; Emara, Moataz M; Shehta, Ahmed; Saqr, Amira M; Abdelelsalm, Wafaa M; Elshennawy, Eslam M; Radwan, Samar T; Awad, Selmy S; Emile, Sameh H; Aldosoky, Wesam A; Elfeki, Hossam; Gendi, Sara N; Abdelsalam, Hala Adel; Hammad, Mohammed; Shalaby, Mostafa; Sakr, Ahmad Hammad; Abdelmaksoud, Mohamed A; Alawady, Mohammed; Omran, Abdelrahman Azzam; Allam, Abdallah R; Ismail, Zainab; Gaballah, Khaled M; AlGady, Mahmoud Fathy Mahmoud; Raslan, Ahmed M; Gharbia, Khaled; Nuser, Abdelazez A; Sayed, Ahmed Kamal; Al-Mallah, Abdullah; Elshahawy, Mahmoud A; Ghaly, Galal; Sherif, Ahmed Elshawadfy; Makram, Abdelrahman M; Makram, Omar M; Ahmed, Ola; Helmy, AbdelRahman M A; Abdelwahab, Khaled M; Abdelkhalek, Mohamed; Metwally, Islam H; Shetiwy, Mosab Saad; Zuhdy, Mohammad; Ramadan, Salma I; Abdelghany, Mohamed; Omar, Mohammed A; Soliman, Ziad A; Ali, Hossam T; Elnoamany, Salma; Ghozy, Sherief; Abbas, Alzhraa S; Shehata, Mostafa A; Mahmoud, Sahar A; Elsaman, Mohammed A; Fayad, Elsayed A; Radwan, Asmaa; El-Sakka, Ahmed I; Sallam, Asser; Elbahnasawy, Mohamed G; Esmail, Eslam S; Hawila, Ahmed Maher; Hamada, Mohamed K; Motawea, Sara H; Morsy, Mohamed S; El-Sheemy, Hatem Refaat; Ebada, Mahmoud Ahmed; Khedr, Ali H; Gad, Ahmed; Elmandouh, Omar; Elmandouh, Reem; Alkanj, Souad; Youssef, Mohammad G; Awad, Kamal; Mohammed, Maged; Elsayad, Ahmed H; Rätsep, Tõnu; Wolle, Melatework A; Negussie, Abraham G; Adimass, Misganaw A; Misganaw, Bereket Tsegaye; Bezabih, Yoseph S; Assefa, Biniam Zemedu; Shumye, Getachew W; Mengesha, Mengistu G; Gechera, Dagnachew Y; Mohammed, Adnan A; Mulugeta, Gersam A; Metaferia, Yonas Y; Kifetew, Ashebir B; Degefa, Eyueal A; Deressa, Yadani M; Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele; Bedane, Zewdie G; Ayalew, Alem M; Ayele, Henok Teshome; Abebe, Engida; Worku, Bereket Atnafu; Sisay, Million M; Kassa, Dawit Worku; Awedew, Atalel F; Bayable, Abera C; Tiruneh, Abraham Genetu; Hailu, Samuel; Numaro, Yilkal T; Ademe, Yonas; Baleh, Abat S; Megerssa, Thomas B; Kejela, Segni; Derilo, Habtamu T; Akililu, Yemisirach B; Lebbe, Iris; Sarjanoja, Elise K; Kauppila, Joonas H; Sinikumpu, Juha-Jaakko; Giordano, Salvatore; Kantor, Elie; Soussan, Romy; Tommaso, Cipolat Mis; Nappi, Francesco; Morichau-Beauchant, Tristan; Nahum, Julien; Maillet, Jean-Michel; Godement, Mathieu; Jouffret, Lionel; Migliorelli, Federico; De Simone, Belinda; Brunaud, Laurent; Fuchs-Buder, Thomas; Testelin, Sylvie; Bin, Kim; Boucher, Sophie; Schmitt, Françoise; Lakkis, Zaher; Harper, Luke; Slim, K; Piessen, Guilaume; Eveno, Clarisse; Ballouhey, Quentin; Taibi, Abdelkader; Crenn, Vincent; Duchalais, Emilie; Arnaud, Alexis P; Azzis, Olivier; Tuech, Jean-Jacques; Vaysse, Charlotte; Weyl, Ariane; Vergriete, Kelig; Charbonneau, Helene; Ezanno, Anne-Cecile; Malgras, Brice; Basso, Celeste Del; Duquesne, Igor; Bernabei, Federico; Rothschild, Pierre-Raphaël; Abbo, Olivier; Manceau, Gilles; Chamouni, Alexandre; Crétolle, Célia; Arnalsteen, Laurent; Mikhael, Elie; Police, Andrea; Montero-Macias, Rosa; Villefranque, Vincent; Maisonneuve, Emeline; Langlais, Tristan; Seeliger, Barbara; Pessaux, Patrick; Gonzalez, Cristians A; D'Urso, Antonio; Angeles, Martina A; Seguin-Givelet, Agathe; Des Deserts, Marc Danguy; Gaujoux, Sebastien; de Ponthaud, Charles; Chartier-Kastler, Emmanuel J; Ali, Liza; Peycelon, Matthieu; Mege, Diane; Demetrashvili, Zaza; Stoleriu, Mircea G; Keppler, Lena; Saier, Tim; Konrads, Christian; Tapking, Christian; Kamphues, Carsten; Bulian, Dirk R; Schmedding, Andrea; Doerner, Johannes; Gut, Anna E; Rolinger, Jens; Kirschniak, Andreas; Schröder, Lars; Reim, Daniel; Safi, Seyer; Fichter, Andreas M; Wagner, Arthur; Meyer, Bernhard; Gempt, Jens; Sablotzki, Armin R; Herzberg, Jonas; Altenburg, Manuel; Yenilmez, Ferhat; Meins, Jan; Aghwan, Louai A; Börner, Nikolaus; Keppler, Alexander M; Albertsmeier, Markus; Seyfried, Steffen; Rassweiler-Seyfried, Marie-Claire; Kriegmair, Maximilian; Kowalewski, Karl-Friedrich; Gousias, Konstantinos; Strotmann, Johanna J; Höhn, Philipp; Horn, Julian; Knipschild, Julia M; Siemen, Leonie; Luu, Andreas Minh; Horch, Raymund E; McLean, Aaron Lawson; Lindert, Judith Anne Teresa; Ziemann, Sebastian; Modabber, Ali; Winnand, Philipp; Hölzle, Frank; Sommer, Björn; Wolf, Sebastian; Shiban, Ehab; Recker, Florian; Güresir, Erdem; Randau, Thomas M; Güresir, Agi; Velten, Markus; Vilz, Tim O; Wittmann, Maria; Willis, Maria A; Glowka, Tim R; Bork, Ulrich; Hecker, Matthias; Hecker, Andreas; Reichert, Martin; Miller, Clemens; Nemeth, Marcus; Ronellenfitsch, Ulrich; Kleeff, Jorg; Lorenz, Kerstin; Kisser, Ulrich; Schneider, Rick; Seiwerth, Ingmar; Osterhoff, Georg; Linz, Valerie C; Mallmann, Michael R; Rokohl, Alexander C; Heindl, Ludwig M; Wawer Matos, Philomena A; Cursiefen, Claus; Mallmann, Christoph A; Domroese, Christian M; Königsrainer, Alfred; Yurttas, Can; Thiel, Karolin; Vahl, Julius M; Wiegering, Armin; Lock, Johan F; Heuer, Annika; Reiter, Alonja; Stangenberg, Martin; Böttcher, Arne; Kaemmerer, Daniel; Mensah, Kofi T; Gyamfi, Frank E; Opandoh, Isabella N M; Ofori, Emmanauel O; Baidoo, Ebikela I; Baidoo, Richard O; Azize, Diallo A; Appiah-Thompson, Peter; Agbeno, Evans K; Ken-Amoah, Sebastian; Rahman, Ganiyu A; Kpangkpari, Richard; Aniakwo, Luke A; Nortey, Michael; Agyapong, Meshach M; Boakye, Benedict; Mensah, Philip; Agyen-Mensah, Kwasi; Amoako-Boateng, Mabel P; Mensah, Samuel; Debrah, Sam; Yakubu, Mustapha; Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa; Davor, Anthony; Arthur, Joshua; Dzogbefia, Mawutor; Konney, Anna; Konney, Thomas O; Amoah, Michael; Barnor, Isaac; Issahalq, Mohammed Duah; Hoyte- Williams, Paa Ekow; Awortwi, Wilfred Sam; Hammond, Bernard; Awoonor-Williams, Ronald; Naabo, Nuhu N H; Appiah-Kubi, Adu; Adanu, Kekeli Kodjo; Clegg-Lamptey, Joe Nat A; Adae, Jefferson Owusu; Adjeso, Theophilus T K; Yahaya, Mundashiru; Ansah-Agyei, David A; Charadan, Ana Maria Simono; Labrada, Magdiel Rodriguez; Issaka, Adamu; Yabasin, Iddrisu B; Antwi, David A; Manan, Lukman; Bukari, Mohammed I S; Buunaaim, Alexis D B; Alatiiga, John Abanga; Sheriff, Mohammed; Kumi, Emmanuel O; Bonsaana, Gilbert B; Micha, Georgia; Kiriakopoulos, Nikolaos; Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos; Kalopita, Konstantina; Grypiotis, Ioannis; Psarianos, Kyriakos A; Aslanidis, Theodoros; Korkolis, Dimitris P; Fradelos, Evangelos; Arvanitaki, Alexandra; Prodromidou, Anastasia; Thomakos, Nikolaos; Theofanakis, Charalampos; Angelou, Kyveli; Haidopoulos, Dimitrios; Diakosavvas, Michail; Chardalias, Leonidas; Papaconstantinou, Ioannis; Antonakis, Pantelis T; Politis, Dimitrios; Dellaportas, Dionysios; Kontopoulou, Christina I; Memos, Nikolaos A; Gklavas, Antonios; Bramis, Konstantinos; Pappas, Panagiotis; Petropoulou, Thalia; Ioannidis, Argyrios; Ntourakis, Dimitrios; Papageorgiou, Dimitrios; Manatakis, Dimitrios K; Barkolias, Christos G; Balalis, Dimitrios; Tasis, Nikolaos P; Sidiropoulos, Theodoros A; Michalopoulos, Nikolaos V; Papadoliopoulou, Maria; Parasyris, Stavros; Danias, Nikolaos; Vassiliu, Panteleimon; Petropoulou, Zoe; Margaris, Ioannis; Kefalidid, Eirini; Papaconstantinou, Dimitrios; Paraskevas, Kosmas I; Nikova, Alexandrina S; Kalamatianos, Theodosis; Stamatis, Konstantinos; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Stylianidis, George; Kouraklis, Gregory P; Paspala, Anna; Nastos, Constantinos; Sfoungaris, Dimitrios; Valioulis, Ioannis A; Raptis, Dimitrios; Tsakiridis, Nikolaos; Tsakiridis, Konstantinos Alexandros; Arvanitakis, Konstantinos; Kalfountzos, Christos; Koukoulis, Georgios D; Bouliaris, Konstantinos; Lachanas, Vasileios A; Doudakmanis, Christos A; Chouliaras, Christos; Papadopoulos, Aristeidis; Ntalouka, Maria P; Magouliotis, Dimitrios; Fergadi, Maria; Samara, Athina A; Christodoulidis, Grigorios; Bareka, Metaxia; Athanasiou, Thanos; Arnaoutoglou, Eleni M; Hajiioannou, Jiannis; Perivoliotis, Konstantinos; Baloyiannis, Ioannis; Angelis, Fragkiskos A; Stamoulis, Konstantinos G; Symeonidis, Dimitrios; Korais, Christos; Gkrinia, Eleni; Ntziovara, Anna-Maria; Mulita, Francesk; Bouchagier, Konstantinos; Verras, Georgios I; Argentou, Maria I; Vailas, Michail; Germanos, Stylianos; Tavlas, Panagiotis; Tatsis, Dimitris; Astreidis, Ioannis T; Louizakis, Alexandros; Antoniou, Asterios; Paraskevopoulos, Konstantinos; Chrysovitsiotis, Georgios; Frountzas, Maximos; Toutouzas, Konstantinos G; Chrysovergis, Aristeidis; Potamianos, Spyridon; Kyrodimos, Efthymios; Papanikolaou, Vasileios; Theodoropoulos, George; Triantafyllou, Tania; Larentzakis, Andreas; Kimpizi, Athina-Despoina; Tsakiridis, Ioannis; Kapetanios, Georgios; Dagklis, Themistoklis; Petousis, Stamatios; Margioula-Siarkou, Chrysoula; Baili, Efstratia; Tampaki, Ekaterini C; Lostoridis, Eftychios; Avramidis, Emmanouil C; Efstathiou, Andreas P; Babis, George C; Roditis, Konstantinos; Tsiantoula, Paraskevi V; Machairas, Nikolaos; Schizas, Dimitrios; Kykalos, Stylianos; Dorovinis, Panagiotis I; Stamopoulos, Paraskevas; Charalabopoulos, Alexandros K; Liakakos, Theodore; Koziakas, Elias; Karavokyros, Ioannis; Skotsimara, Antonia; Syllaios, Athanasios; Tsourouflis, Gerasimos S; Tomara, Nefeli K; Dimas, Angelos; Apostolou, Konstantinos G; Tsouknidas, Ioannis; Samara, Evangelia; Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos A; Falara, Areti; Papavasiliou, Kyriakos; Siasios, Ioannis D; Kaselas, Christos; Anthoulakis, Christos; Tigkiropoulos, Konstantinos; Spartalis, Eleftherios; Mourmouris, Panagiotis; Tsekouras, Konstantinos; Tzelves, Lazaros; Dedemadi, Georgia; Gaitanakis, Stylianos; Marinis, Athanasios; Stamatiou, Konstantinos; Vlotinou, Pinelopi D; Xenaki, Sofia; Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos; Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos; Karakosta, Agathi; Tzimas, Petros; Charatsaris, Panagiotis; Recinos, Gustavo; Vega, Marlon D; Aguilera, Maria L; Rivera, Pablo J; Sosa, Dianne A; Salazar, Tania A; Ybarra, Natalia I; Morataya, Ever E; Brolo, Estuardo J; Lowey, Andrea M; Paiz, Jose R; Wong, George KC; Ling, Samuel KK; Ng, Calvin SH; Lau, Rainbow WH; Futaba, Kaori; Toth, Dezso; Zaránd, Attila; Piros, Laszlo; Santoshi, John A; Nagar, Manoj; Shrivastava, Adesh; Ahmad, Zainab; Behera, Prateek; Gautam, Megha; Bagaria, Dinesh; Kabra, Apoorva P; Mittal, Samarth; Ranjan, Piyush; Sharma, Shilpa; Trikha, Vivek; Bagaria, Dinesh Kumar; Alam, Junaid; Goel, Prabudh; Dube, Surya Kumar; Choudhary, Narendra; Menon, Ramesh P; Seenivasagam, Rajkumar Kottayasamy; Agrawal, Abhishek; Majumdar, Kinjal S; Sharma, Pranati; Gupta, Amit; Arora, Rajnish K; Arora, Poonam; Basu, Somprakas; Huda, Farhanul; David, Lena E; Goswami, Aakansha G; Piplani, Rajat; Sultania, Mahesh; Tripathy, Sujit K; Mishra, Tushar S; Muduly, Dillip Kumar; Jena, Saubhagya Kumar; Mishra, Abhijeet; Mitra, Jayanta K; Singh, Sweta; Sahu, Ranjit Kumar; Mohanty, Chitta R; Jena, Saubhagya K; Panda, Ritesh; Boyina, Kiran Kumar; Dasukil, Saubhik; Gahlot, Nitesh; Khatri, Naren P; Kaur, Amanjot; Vishnoi, Jeewan R; Sharma, Naveen; Chugh, Ankita; singh, Mahendra; Chakraborty, Sourabh S; Rajanbabu, Anupama; Hunain, Reem; Raut, Monish S; Pandey, Diwakar; Srivastava, Raghubir; Saksena, Ajesh Raj; Garod, Mebanshanbor; Budihal, Bhargavi R; Kashyap, Shankarsai; Agarwal, Pavani B; Chhatrapati, Swati; Deshpande, Charulata; Baliarsing, Lipika Amresh; balakrishnan, Kalpana; Tanweer, Ahmed Sayeed; Haque, Parvez David; Chitresh, Sathiafrey D A; Daniel, Swati; Dutta, Rohini; Dutt, Uma Kant; Garg, Karan; Garg, Mukul; George, Christina; Ghosh, Dhruva; Gupta, Pariza; Jain, Ritu; Kalyanapu, Jeffrey A; Kaur, Savleen; Khurana, Ankita; Khurana, Sarita; Kumar, Jatin; Liddle, Dootika; Mahajan, Amit Vipan; Pawar, Pranay; Pradeep, Konda Samuel Paul; Ranadive, Reuben R; Rajkumar, Arti; Sam, Vivin Daniel; Sam, Jerrin Regi; Samuel, Habie Thomas; Samuel, Sangeetha; Sahi, Prateek; Sood, Aditya; Srivastava, Nitish; Thomas, Alen J; Thomas, Naveen J; Varkey, Jacob K; Vazhakalayil, Vigy Georgekutty; William, Rahul; Mittal, Rohin; Devarakonda, Sreekar; Riju, Jeyashanth; Thomas, Vinotha; Sivakumar, Moonish V; Sridhar, Rajeevan Philip; Jebakumar, Gilbert S; Paul, Negine; Kota, Albert A; Kumari, Pushplata; Surendran, Suraj; Suraj, Raji; Victor, Naveen Sundaram; Kathir Joyson, D R; Konduru, Vidya; Malhotra, Kashish; Rammohan, Ashwin; Rela, Mohamed; Jain, Vaibhav; Jakhetiya, Ashish; Patel, Vidhi K; Pendyala, Karuna Sree; Aggarwal, Manisha; Gupta, Shyam K; Kumar, Ashwani; Bindra, Manpreet Singh; Yadev, I; Chisthi, Meer M; Soumya, S; Anand, Sachit; Rani, Jyotsna; Sharma, Kanika; Ghosh, Indranil; Sundaraju, Shalini; Penumadu, Prasanth; Govindarajan, Krishna Kumar; Manikandan, Ramanitharan; Kavalakat, Alfie J; Phadnis, Ashish; Jadhao, Piyush; Subbarayan, Shankar; Hunain, Reem; Rodrigues, Gabriel; Ibrahim, Sufyan; Hameed, Zeeshan BM; Zachariah, Sanoop K; Madabhavi, Irappa V; Bansal, Varun V; Rajan, Shiv; Ozair, Ahmad; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Ramakant, Pooja; Verma, Manju L; Shukla, Ayushi; Agarwal, Anjoo; Bajaj, Ankur; Jaiswal, Somil; Mishra, Brijesh; Thyavihally, Yuvaraja; Waigankar, Santosh S; Waigankar, Santosh Subhash; Hegde, Siddhi; Alexander, Philip V; Sharma, Rahul Deo; Sodhai, Vivek M; Kishore, Kunal; Vishweshwara, Ramya M; Bains, Lovenish; Kumar, Sanjeev; Malik, Akshat; Shaikh, Zahiya Hareem; Kumari, Priyanka; Thomas, Jerin J; Yadav, Sanjay Kumar; Dhurwe, Ritika; Nath, Upamanyu; Chopra, Hitesh; Kumar, Vishal; Kaman, Lileswar; Karthigeyan, Madhivanan; Tripathi, Manjul; Mohindra, Sandeep; Salunke, Pravin; Singh, Kavindra; Rangasamy, Karthick; Gopinathan, Nirmal Raj; Siroliya, Anshul; Bangal, Vidyadhar B; Gupta, Ashish; Kannaiyan, Lavanya; Kulkarni, Aditya A; Panda, Bijnya B; Mittal, Abhishek; Ghodke, Rahul J; Kale, Sachin Y; Dhar, Sanjay; Agarwal, Gaurav; Mishra, Anjali; Upadhyaya, Vijai Datta; Kumar, Basant; Jeyaraman, Madhan; Mehraj, Asif; Parray, Fazlul Q; Amin, Shivang Gaurang; Mankad, Saptak P; Thakore, Karan V; Singh, Riya; Garg, Pankaj Kumar; Majmudar, Hardil P; Sharma, Tanishq S; Chowdappa, Raghunandan Gorantlu; Maniar, Sahiba S; Thakar, Sumit; Jain, Kavitha; Patel, Tapan; Gupta, Rahul A; Aggarwal, Gaurav; Gupta, Sujoy; Agrawal, Sanjit Kumar; Sharma, Abhishek; Jain, Prateek; Ghosh, Anik; Pipara, Amrit; Pramesh, C S; Patkar, Shraddha; Patil, Vijaya Prakash; Divatia, Jigeeshu V; Puri, Ajay; Kumar, Akshay; Bhardwaj, Rohit; Mittal, Abhishek; Venkatappa, Sunil Kumar; Manangi, Mallikarjuna; Prabhu, Prashanth J; Anwar, Sumadi L; Sari, Djayanti; Tantri, Aida R; Chandra, Susilo; Manggala, Sidharta K; Auerkari, Aino N; Zahra, Raihanita; Soenarto, Ratna F; Ramlan, Andi A W; Billy, Matthew; Harzif, Achmad K; Surya, Ilham Utama; Lestari, Mayang I; Damara, Fachreza A; Aryananda, Rozi A; Aji, Yunus Kuntawi; Hadipranata, Thirza; Lie, Warren; Kembuan, Gabriele J; Cindryani, Marilaeta; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Ryalino, Christopher; Hosseini, Elahe; Hosseini, Alireza; Medhati, Pourya; Erfanian, Reza; Firouzifar, Mohammadreza; Anari, Mahtab Rabbani; Irani, Shirin; Rahim, Fakher; Kandevani, Naser Yousefzadeh; Kabiri, Fatemeh Sheikholeslami; Motahaver, Nima Najafian; Hosseinpoor, Masoomeh; Rajati, Mohsen; Assadi, Reza; Haqgou, Mohadeseh; Javadi, Seyed Amir; Karimian, Faramarz; Asadi, Mehdi; Alizadeh, Narges; Heidari, Mohammad; Hejazi, Seyed Fakhreddin; Alizadeh, Narges; Bazyari, Vahid; Ahmadi, Sayedali; Yusefi, Hossein; Attar, Mojtaba KA; Zanjani, Leila Oryadi; Nabian, Mohammad Hossein; Yahyazadeh, Seyed Reza; Manesh, Hassan Fatemi; Sotudeh, Mohadese; Akhavizadegan, Hamed; Shafiei, Seyyed Hossein; Aldawoody, Hogir I; Almusawi, Ahmed A; Al-Isawi, Ali; Al-Hajjaj, Ahmed Basim Abed; Zwain, Yasir A; Alwash, Mohammed J; Hadi, Najah R; Maala, Rasool; Adil, Aeshah Anwar; Hashim, Hashim Talib; Al-Salihi, Naseem W; Al-hasani, Fahad Majid Yaseen; Rashed, Pakhshan A; Muhamed, Pakhshan A; Hilmi, Ahmed A; Akhtyare, Mohammed Musa A; Hashim, Hashim T; Hussein, Rand A; Aljohmani, Lylas; Crotty, Fiona E; Elliott, Jessie A; Javadpour, Mohsen; Davis, Niall F; Ryan, James PC; Aremu, Muyiwa; O'Brien, Stephen J; Wong, Benjamin Ngie Xiong; Hsiao, Michelle Min; Andrews, Emmet; Pretorius, Jacques; Azeem, Imran; Ikele, Hilary; McCarthy, Claire M; Salameh, Fadi-Tamas; O'Connor, Donal B; O'Connor, Clare; Sheahan, Patrick; Barry, Conor P; Kavanagh, Fergal G; Callanan, Deirdre; James, Danielle L; Clancy, Cillian; Croghan, Stefanie M; Aherne, Thomas M; Kiernan, Aoife; Owens, Patrick W; Creavin, Ben; Mekki, Hassan; Walsh, Stewart R; Carroll, Paul A; Oh, Ke En; Lowery, Aoife J; Bala, Miklosh; Shussman, Noam; Demma, Jonathan Abraham; Marom, Gad; Fishman, Yuri; Zmora, Osnat; Kalmovich, Limor Muallem; Horesh, Nir; Anteby, Roi; Papa, Mario V; Argenio, Giulio; Sozzi, Giulio; Amatucci, Chiara; Segalini, Edoardo; Pesenti, Giovanni; Giani, Alessandro; Mazzola, Michele; Lombardi, Pietro Maria; Saibene, Alberto M; Mariani, Nicoló M; Zanin, Luca; Andreuccetti, Jacopo; Ferrari, Federico; Baiocchi, Gian Luca; Frontali, Alice; Granieri, Stefano; Cotsoglou, Christian; Scarpa, Marco; Colasanti, Roberto; Schiavone, Donatella; Castaldi, Antonio; Antropoli, Carmine; Colò, Gabriele; Fiume, Irene; Poillucci, Gaetano; Fortuna, Laura; Locatello, Luca G; Gallo, Oreste; Maggiore, Giandomenico; Bottari, Andrea; Bruno, Chiara; Barbato, Giuseppe; Di Bella, Annamaria; Taddei, Antonio; De Pastena, Matteo; Campagnaro, Tommaso; Malleo, Giuseppe; Paiella, Salvatore; Balduzzi, Alberto; Capozzi, Vito Andrea; Carretta, Alessandro; Bertolini, Giacomo; Dalmonte, Giorgio; Giuffrida, Mario; Andriola, Valeria; Martines, Gennaro; Picciariello, Arcangelo; Pattacini, Gianmaria Casoni; Di Bartolomeo, Mattia; Anesi, Alexandre; Nikaj, Herald; Gentilli, Sergio; Reitano, Elisa; Fiacchini, Giacomo; Di Franco, Gregorio; Morelli, Luca; Andreani, Lorenzo; Tartaglia, Dario; Balestri, Riccardo; Coccolini, Federico; Chiarugi, Massimo; Puccini, Marco; Fusario, Daniele; Samorani, Osvaldo Carpineto; Marano, Luigi; Carbone, Ludovico; Roviello, Franco; Restaino, Valeria; Pesce, Anna Lisa; Resca, Luca; Piccioni, Stefania Angela; Veroux, Massimiliano; Sarpietro, Giuseppe; Matarazzo, Maria Grazia; Cianci, Antonio; Morini, Andrea; Zizzo, Maurizio; Mastrofilippo, Valentina; Mandato, Vincenzo Dario; Aguzzoli, Lorenzo; Sarnari, Jlenia; Nita, Gabriela E; Fabbri, Nicolò; Rubbini, Michele; Tutino, Roberta; Podda, Mauro; Canu, Gian Luigi; Peiretti, Enrico; Trungu, Sokol; D'Oria, Mario; Lauretta, Andrea; Marro, Matteo; Guerrera, Francesco; Santarelli, Mauro; Salizzoni, Stefano; Iocca, Oreste; Di Maio, Pasquale; Perra, Teresa; Porcu, Alberto; Scanu, Antonio M; Pirozzolo, Giovanni; Toia, Francesca; Dinoto, Ettore; Cammarata, Emanuele; Franza, Mara; Rosatti, Fernando; Cipolla, Calogero; Di Grazia, Natalia; Milia, Walter R; Pecoraro, Felice; Virgilio, Edoardo; Barberis, Andrea; Bà mbina, Fabrizio; Lavalle, Laura; Sinibaldi, Giovanni; Licari, Leo; Tropeano, Francesca P; Luglio, Gaetano; Pagano, Gianluca; Tropeano, Francesca Paola; Peltrini, Roberto; Nuzzo, Maria Michela Di; Bracale, Umberto; Indini, Alice; Bissacco, Daniele; Domanin, Maurizio; Torretta, Sara; Bogani, Giorgio; Martinelli, Fabio; Sala, Laura; Cortinovis, Umberto; Zingarello, Valeria; Bertolina, Francesca; Hilal, Moh'd Abu; Fransvea, Pietro; Marra, Angelo A; Rosa, Fausto; Litta, Francesco; Ratto, Carlo; Parello, Angelo; Tedesco, Silvia; Ferracci, Federica; Pitoni, Sara; D'Archi, Sabatino; Franceschini, Gianluca; Scardina, Lorenzo; Gravante, Gianpiero; Conti, Luigi; Baldini, Edoardo; Maniscalco, Pietro; Ciatti, Corrado; Spriano, Giuseppe; Mercante, Giuseppe; Gaino, Francesca; Milana, Flavio; Spinelli, Antonino; Ferreli, Fabio; De Virgilio, Armando; Di Bari, Matteo; Aquilino, Fabrizio; Marino, Fabio; Pellini, Raul; Campo, Flaminia; Moretto, Silvia; Mazzola, Francesco; Petruzzi, Gerardo; Mastroianni, Riccardo; Simone, Giuseppe; Rottoli, Matteo; Russo, Iris S; Raimondo, Diego; Fernandez, Ignacio J; Raffone, Antonio; Bertoglio, Pietro; Ravaioli, Matteo; Germinario, Giuliana; Bernante, Paolo; Casadio, Paolo; Seracchioli, Renato; Droghetti, Matteo; Schiavina, Riccardo; Ricotta, Francesco; Tarsitano, Achille; Arena, Alessandro; Della Gatta, Anna Nunzia; Violante, Tommaso; Pellegrini, Alice; Bolognesi, Federico; Solli, Piergiorgio; Ricciardi, Sara; Cipolli, Alessandro; Maletta, Manuela; La Porta, Marilina; Lauretta, Maria Paola; Melotti, Rita M; Daddi, Niccolò; Parri, Sergio Nicola Forti; Garelli, Elena; Perrone, Anna M; Lombardi, Raffaele; Pinto, Valentina; Pignatti, Marco; Tonini, Valeria; Copelli, Chiara; Giordano, Antonio Nicola; Palai, Vincenzo; Aspide, Raffaele; La Corte, Emanuele; Lucchini, Stefano; Castagnini, Francesco; Pardo, Francesco; Di Liddo, Michele; Caternicchia, Filippo; Donati, Danilo; Cavalieri, Bruno; Frisoni, Tommaso; Rotini, Marco; Scabini, Stefano; Vagge, Aldo; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Barra, Fabio; Sparavigna, Marco; Fregatti, Piero; Luzzi, Andrea-Pierre; Costantini, Sergio; Ferrero, Simone; Gustavino, Claudio; Paratore, Marco; Perrone, Umberto; Centurioni, Maria Grazia; Alessandri, Franco; Ferraiolo, Antonella; Rosato, Francesco Paolo; Ball, Lorenzo; Ascari, Francesca; Barugola, Giuliano; Lovece, Andrea; Milito, Pamela; Siboni, Stefano; Bonavina, Luigi; Aiolfi, Alberto; Bona, Davide; Micheletto, Giancarlo; Bertolaccini, Luca; Sedda, Giulia; Spaggiari, Lorenzo; Tagliabue, Marta; De Berardinis, Rita; Pietrobon, Giacomo; Chu, Francesco; reAnsarin, Mohssen; Garbi, Annalisa; Patrone, Renato; Belli, Andrea; Cianci, Pasquale; Raimondo, Ivano; Ferrero, Annamaria; Pacilio, Carlo Alberto; Bocchino, Antonio; Solaini, Leonardo; D'Acapito, Fabrizio; Di Stefano, Barbara; Corso, Ruggero M; Pata, Francesco; Vitale, Mariarosaria; Rotunno, Giuseppe; Lenzi, Riccardo; Migliorino, Ernesto; Grossi, Ugo; Novello, Simone; Romano, Maurizio; Rossi, Serena; Zanus, Giacomo; Epifani, Angelo G; Broglia, Alessandro; Santoliquido, Matteo; Clementi, Marco; Marafante, Chiara; Carrano, Francesco Maria; Patrone, Renato; Fleres, Francesco; Clarizia, Guglielmo; Coretti, Guido; Ferrario, Luca; Guerci, Claudio; Maffioli, Anna; D'Andrea, Marcello; Zanini, Nicola; Bertelli, Riccardo; Vallicelli, Carlo; Catena, Fausto; Prucher, Gian Marco; Conti, Alfredo; Moretto, Gianluigi; Inama, Marco; Grivon, Manuela; Sambucci, Daniele; Pirola, Giacomo M; Gubbiotti, Marilena; Sagnotta, Andrea; Ornaghi, Sara; Fruscio, Robert; Tamini, Nicolò; Ceresoli, Marco; Gianotti, Luca; Masciello, Fabrizio; Nelli, Tommaso; Canonico, Giuseppe; Anastasi, Alessandro; Malerba, Michele; Abate, Emmanuele; Lizzi, Vincenzo; Sarni, Antonio L; Tartaglia, Nicola; Montagna, Marco; D'Ugo, Stefano; Depalma, Norma; Spampinato, Marcello; Pizzini, Paolo; Magnone, Stefano; Migliore, Marcello; Volpicelli, Alessio; Gioco, Rossella; Russo, Giorgio Ivan; Bozzani, Antonio; Cobianchi, Lorenzo; Calabretto, Francesca; Pinotti, Enrico; Barone, Mirko; Campanelli, Michela; Bagaglini, Giulia; Siragusa, Leandro; Orecchia, Luca; Franceschilli, Marzia; Angelico, Roberta; Sensi, Bruno; Manzia, Tommaso M; Petagna, Lorenzo; Bacchiocchi, Giulia; Sica, Giuseppe S; Lapolla, Pierfrancesco; Picchetto, Andrea; Bruzzaniti, Placido; Marruzzo, Giovanni; Sterpetti, Antonio V; Mingoli, Andrea; Sapienza, Paolo; Scafa, Anthony Kevin; Zancana, Giuseppa; Brachini, Gioia; Ribuffo, Diego; Cirillo, Bruno; Meneghini, Simona; Cicerchia, Pierfranco M; Zambon, Martina; D'Andrea, Vito; D'Amico, Alessia; Familiari, Pietro; Cassoni, Andrea; Pucci, Resi; De Felice, Francesca; Pascarella, Giuseppe; Strumia, Alessandro; Coppola, Alessandro; Zampogna, Biagio; Papalia, Rocco; Capolupo, Gabriella T; Caricato, Marco; Nenna, Antonio; Dominici, Carmelo; Caffo, Maria; Badessi, Giorgio; Mazzeo, Carmelo; Caruso, Gerardo; Bellio, Gabriele; Guaitoli, Eleonora; Rimonda, Roberto; Fusini, Federico; Giacometti, Marco; Baldi, Caterina; Ferrara, Francesco; Chessa, Antonella; Accarino, Giulio; Monteleone, Michela; Riva, Carlo; Balconi, Arianna; Markovic, Marko; Barone, Gisella; Locatelli, Andrea; Olmetti, Simone; Costanzi, Andrea; Uccelli, Matteo; Galleano, Raffaele; Balla, Andrea; De Carlo, Antonio; Ceretti, Andrea Pisani; Bertoglio, Luca; Grandi, Alessandro; Apruzzi, Luca; Melloni, Andrea; Spartalis, Michael; Spina, Alfio; De Nardi, Paola; Bonavina, Giulia; Candiani, Massimo; Piloni, Martina; Nocera, Gianluca; Gagliardi, Filippo; Turi, Stefano; De Nunzio, Cosimo; Petrucciani, Niccolo; Fiorelli, Silvia; Laracca, Giovanni G; Menna, Cecilia; Lisi, Giorgio; Brolese, Alberto; Ciarleglio, Francesco A; Sasia, Diego; Giraudo, Giorgio; Testa, Valentina; Giuffrida, Maria Carmela; Chiarpenello, Roberto; Dalmasso, Ettore; Cianflocca, Desiree; Calini, Giacomo; Cillara, Nicola; Armatura, Giulia; Turati, Luca; Pellino, Gianluca; Menna, Maria Paola; Iovino, Claudio; Rossi, Settimio; Simonelli, Francesca; Baccellieri, Domenico; Candiani, Massimo; Gozzini, Lorenzo; Elmore, Ugo; Rosati, Riccardo; Gallo, Gaetano; Giannaccare, Giuseppe; Cristofaro, Maria G; Barca, Ida; Carnevali, Adriano; Consorti, Giuseppe; Laganà , Antonio Simone; Pontini, Alex; Salvador, Renato; Di Marzo, Francesco; Turri, Giulia; Saito, Junichi; Kochiyama, Tsukasa; Satoi, Sohei; Hashimoto, Daisuke; Yoshimatsu, Kazuhiko; Namikawa, Tsutomu; Kuriyama, Akira; Sunami, Eiji; Takeda, aChikashi; Shiota, Masaki; Toyama, Satoshi; Ishitobi, Makoto; Kawasaki, Yosuke; Kawaguchi, Masahiko; Ida, Mitsuru; Iwasaki, Masae; Mase, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Yuki; Chaki, Tomohiro; Tachibana, Shunsuke; Kazuma, Satoshi; Kuroda, Naoto; Matsuki, Yuka; Kamizato, Kota; 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Kassab, Mohamad B; Abou-Abbass, Hussein; Awad, Rabih F; El Assaad, Hadi; Serhan, Fatima Ghazi; Karout, Lina; Chowdhary, Anisa; Itani, Rania; Abu Hamrah, Ali A A; Bellah, Almoataz; Algatanesh, Nassib S; Duwebi, Mousab A; Alkouba, Esraa T; Algehani, Hala M; Alsharif, Monther; Al-maadany, Faraj S; Elkhafeefi, Fatimah S; Buimsaedah, Ahmad M; Ghazal, Sarah M; Amnaina, Mohamed G; Yagoub, Ghozlan Y; yahia, Hana Ramadan bin; Bareig, Elham Hussin; BenHamida, Bahaeddin; Alkimeeshi, Nayrouz; Marwan, Malak; Muhammed, Nawal Aldokali; Benamer, Eman M; Othman, Rema H; Momen, Ahmed A; Ayad, Kusay A; Aldokali, Nawal; Mohammed, Alsnosy Abdullah Khalefa; Sanousi, Enas F; Aboubakr, Saed J; Aboubakr, Islam F; Alttaira, Amal; Benatiga, Sara A; Alteerah, Ilham A; Aldressi, Wafa; Elhwety, Marwa O; Kalifa, Mohamed Fathi; Glessa, Maram A; Abubaker, Taha; Shembesh, Hassan A; Alansari, Arowa; Alkaseek, Akram M; Abusannuga, Malek Mohamed; Alawami, Mohammed A; Elhajdawe, Fras Ammar; Benamwor, Aihab Salem; Aween, Husayn M; 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Venskutonis, Donatas; Dauksa, Albertas; Dambrauskas, Zilvinas; Gudaityte, Rita; Dulskas, Audrius; JanuÅ¡ka, Gediminas; Strupas, Kestutis; Poskus, Tomas; Gulla, Aiste; Caruana, Rebecca; Patel, Parth K; Ong, Ernest CW; Ahmed, Sarfraz; Yusoff, Ahmad Ramzi; Abdullah, Bahiyah; Miswan, Mohd Fairudz Mohd; Wong, Sui-Weng; Jailani, Ruhi Fadzlyana; Hakim, Nor A; Tai, Hizami Amin; Yee, Lee Fei; Yahaya, Ahmad S; Fathi, Nik Q; Voon, Kelvin; Hung, Wei Pin; Noor, Ruzaimie; Salleh, Syahrul Anuar; Ismail, Muhamad Izwan; Huei, Tan Jih; Ramely, Rosnelifaizur bin; Zakaria, Andee Dzulkarnaen; Mohamad, Ikhwan Sani; Hashim, Mohd Nizam Md; MahboobAli, Mohamed Shafi; Ab Rahman, Norhafiza; Othman, Ahmad Faidzal; Sarif, Mat Salleh; Chai, Feng Yih; Liang, Lim See; Rahim, Razrim; Subramaniam, Sentilnathan; Mah, Jin-Jiun; Hayati, Firdaus; Ibrahim, Aini Fahriza; Kuan, Yew Chor; Mahendran, Hans A; Nazimi, Abd Jabar; Imran, Farrah Hani; Ramli, Roszalina; Din, Norshamsiah M; Fai, Tang Seng; Nabil, Syed; Bastion, Mae-Lynn C; 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Majbar, Mohammed Anass; ElBahaoui, Nezha; Mohsine, Raouf; El Mohafide, Ghita; El Ahmadi, Brahim; Ghannam, Abdelilah; Belkhadir, Zakaria Houssain; Khatri, Anadi; Tripathi, Prashant; Bhusal, Subarna; Munakomi, Sunil; Bloemers, Frank W; Bakx, Roel; van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I; Gisbertz, Suzanne S; Goudsmit, Ben FJ; Leclercq, Wouter KG; Spaans, Louisa N; Harlaar, Niels J; Kruijff, Schelto; Sansoni, Gabriela A; Harlianto, Netanja I; Konsten, Joop L; den Boer, Frank C; Dekker, Nicole AM; Schweitzer, Donald; Chu, Michael JJ; Allen, Natalie; Wang, Jim Hsu-Shun; Lyons, Oliver; Carey, Fiona J; Wright, Deborah M; Lightfoot, Nicholas J; Oliver, Tiffany C; Wen, Daniel D; Singh, Vidit; Kieser, David C; Wilson, Nichola C; Varghese, Chris; Fagan, Paul V B; McGuinness, Matthew James; Harmston, Christopher; Gómez, Néstor Javier Pavón; Adamou, Harissou; Kirfi, Abdullahi M; Abdull, Dr Mohammed M; Adamu, Auwal; Liman, Haruna U; Umar, Bello Shahir; Adeyeye, Ademola; Ifoto, Oghenekaro S; Akinmade, Akinola; 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Santos, Marisa D; Rocha-Neves, João; Pereira-Neves, António; Gomes, Fabio; Nogueiro, Jorge P M; Rodrigues, Sara Castanheira; Santos, Pedro C; de Araújo Pereira, André; Barbosa-Breda, Joao; Monteiro, Diogo D; Duarte-Gamas, Luís; Nóbrega, Leandro; Dias, Lara R; Ramos, Carlota; Branquinho, Rita G; Cunha, Miguel F; Silva, Nelson J; Deus, Ana Claudia M; Serralheiro, Pedro Azevedo; Soares, Ana P; Henriques, Susana A; Botelho, Pedro; Cismasiu, Brigitta; Barreira, Ana L; Romero, Miguel Ã�ngel Fernández; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Costeira, Cristina; Carvas, João M; Omran, Fayez Mohamed Bin; Latif, Ejaz A; Toffaha, Ali T; Sameer, Mohammad; Qabbani, Amjad S; Elmelliti, Hussam E; El Baba, Hamzah; Khalifa, Mohamed T; Badran, Saif; Ghali, Mohamed Said; Konjanoska, Maja; Kavain, Snezhana B; Kuzmanovska, Biljana; Lleshi, Albert; Kokareva, Anita; Kiprijanovska, Biljana T; Trajkovska, Vanja; Nicevska, Marta T; Gavrilovska-Brzanov, Aleksandra; Burmuzoska, Marjana; Davitkovska, Tatjana; Jakimovski, Aleksandra; 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Bakhsh, Umar Rahim; Alkhayal, Abdullah; Alnasser, Mohammed H; Rajendram, Rajkumar; Syed, Yadullah; Dagestani, Hattan F; Eissa, Abdullah T; Al Suwailem, Munira A; Farsi, Ali H; Farsi, Deema; Malibary, Nadim; Altaf, Abdulmalik; Basendowah, Mohammed; Baeesa, Saleh S; Akeel, Nouf Y; Trabulsi, Nora Hatem; Bahakim, Abdullah M; Bajunaid, Khalid; Bangash, Mohammed H; Alharthi, Mohammed; Aljiffry, Murad; Sabbagh, Abdulrahman J; Bustangi, Nasir M; Altuwayjiri, Basmah S; Alhaddad, Amani m; Ghunaim, Mohammed A; Samkari, Ali A; Elzain, Mohammed A; AlAmeer, Ahmed Y; Bawa, Dauda; Ghunaim, Hadeel A; Ghunaim, Abdulrhman A; Mousa, Hind Waleen M; Almulhim, Abdulrhman Saleh; Alshammari, Abdulaziz M; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Al Absi, Emad J; Al Duhileb, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq; Duhileb, Al; Almana, Nora E; Alzahir, Ali A; Aldulaijan, Fozan Abdulqader; Madkhali, Tariq; Alshammari, Turki F; Almatar, Bikheet Moh; Ghazwani, Salman Mufareh; Hamid, Amal A; Ghedan, Soliman F; Alhefdhi, Amal; Alomar, Osama; Al-Badawi, Ismail; 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Ilic, Rosanda V; Miljković, Aleksandar D; Bogdanovic, Ivan; Jotic, Ana D; Davidovic, Lazar; Bumbasirevic, Uros; Prijović, NebojÅ¡a J; Santric, Veljko; Stankovic, Branko M; Stevanovic, Dejan D; Lazic, Aleksandar V; Mitrovic, Nebojsa D; Zivkovic, Dragana D; Markovic, Ivan Z; Buta, Marko N; Goran, Merima R; Radovanovic, Dragana R; Radovanovic, Zoran; Zahorjanski, Sanja; Protic, Aleksandar Djermanovic Mladjan; Kresoja-Ignjatović, Milana; Djurić, Mladen; Lazovic, Mikan R; Ducic, Sinisa V; Kovacevic, Bojan M; Bojicic, Jovana M; Juloski, Jovan T; Krdzic, Igor; Milutinovic, Vladan Z; Mok, Chi Wei; Dimatatac, Doris Mae; Tan, Ker-Kan; Lieske, Bettina; Lin, Shuxun; Oh, Han Boon; Ngaserin, Sabrina; Koh, Frederick H; Leong, Faith Qi Hui; Kabir, Tousif; Leow, Jeffrey J; Tan, Ming Ngan Aloysius; Ang, Wei-Wen; Shelat, Vishal G; MorochoviÄ, Radoslav; Å¡imko, Kristián; Czako, Ladislav; Gális, Branislav; Vavro, Michal; Dvoranová, Bronislava; SoviÅ¡, Marek; Vidová, Ivana; Rems, Miran; Kosir, Jurij A; Tomazic, Ales; Grosek, Jan; Bozic, Tajda Kosir; Hersi, Ismail M; Ali, Abdifatah D; Aidid, Abdisamad A; Farah, Abas A; sh Ahmed, Asma M; Lack, Vered; Fourtounas, Maria; Kloppers, Christo; Almgla, Naser; Panieri, Eugenio; Malherbe, Francois; Hardcastle, Timothy C; Swart, Reinier; Noel, Colin B; Malan, Asha Franciska; Nel, Corné PG; Lugo, Carolina; Lagares, Alfonso; Ojeda-Thies, Cristina; García-Señoráns, Marta Paniagua; Vigorita, Vincenzo; Fernández, Laura Rodríguez; Cano-Valderrama, Oscar; Salido, Andrea Jiménez; Gonzalez, Luis Angel Suarez; Suarez, Sara Busto; Hevia, Mateo; de Arriba Alonso, Mario; Villar, Teresa Renedo; González, Isabel Valentín-Gamazo; Trebol, Jacobo; Mayo-Yáñez, Miguel; López, Cristina Barrena; Mozo, Ana Sánchez; Arencibia, Octavio; Garcia-Cano, Daniel Gonzalez; Viana, Leticia Gómez; Paniagua, Ladislao Cayetano; Martinez-Perez, Carolina; Abellán, Antonio Melero; Romero, Carolina S; Catalá, Juan C; Núñez-García, Bernardo; Gaibar, Antonio Gimenez; García, Natalia Ã�lvarez; Muñoz Vives, Josep M; Calero-Lillo, Aránzazu; Villacampa, José M; Domínguez-Prieto, Víctor; Carneros, Virginia Jiménez; Alonso-Lamberti, Laura; Manuel-Vazquez, Alba; Rubio, Ainhoa Valle; Domenech, Julio; Miranda, Ignacio; Chrzanowska, Hanna Perez; Marquez, Lucila; Baduell, Albert; Balaguer-Castro, Mariano; Carrasco, Pilar Camacho; Vallejo, Marina Cámara; Bitterling, Borja Campuzano; Carreras-Castañer, Anna; Claret, Guillem; Cuesta-González, Francisco J; Di Somma, Alberto; Nora, Joaquim Enseñat; Fabregas, Neus; Fuertes, Ada Ferrer; Ferrés, Abel; Ginesta, Cesar; Gonzalez Sanchez, Jose J; Gracia, Isabel; Hoyos Castro, Jhon A; Jornet-Gibert, Montsant; Morales, Xavier; Mosteiro-Cadaval, Alejandra; Pedrosa, Leire; Carrizo, José Poblete; Renau-Cerrillo, Marina; Reyes Figueroa, Luis A; Ramos, Pedro Roldan; Arboix, Jordi Rumià ; Sabater-Martos, Marta; Sieira-Gil, Ramon; Topczewski, Thomaz E; Torales, Jorge; Torné, Ramon; Torner, Pere; Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor; Valero, Ricard; Vives-Barquiel, Marian; Campanales, Marta Suñer; Aguilar, Raúl Jiménez; Bravo, Adriana; Giles, Sergio; Barreda, Daniel Martín; Ferrer, Marc; López, Lorena Gómez; Peraza Godoy, Maria F; Muncunill, Roger Pujol; Medina, David Gutierrez; Postnikov, Yury; Petralanda, Alfonso Alías; Monfort-Mira, Montserrat; Carreras-Castañer, Xavier; Ramirez, Luis J; Torroella-Vallejo, Alba; de Lacy, Borja; Pigrau, Clara Chimeno; Diez, Eloy García; Pagès, Carles Martí; Sobrino, Rocío Gallego; Vargas, Caribay; Segura Nebot, Érica A; Narvaez, Jesús D; Ares, Oscar; Zumbado, Alonso; Madariaga, Salvador E; Llompart Coll, Maria M; Iñiguez, Leticia Torres; González, Carolina; Gómez, Justo; Dominguez, Paula; Montoya, Carolina; Balart, Mariona; Pino, Miguel del; Lillo, Oscar García; Ostilla, Ricardo; Palomino-Chulla, Saúl; López-Baamonde, Manuel; Burgos-Blasco, Barbara; Dziakova, Jana; de Alarcon, Jaime Rodriguez; Vidal-Villegas, Beatriz; Cristóbal, Ignacio; Martinez-de-la-Casa, Jose M; Badenes, Rafael; Moro-Valdezate, David; Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz De; Bustamante-Munguira, Juan; Aguado, Héctor J; Ruiz-Lopez, Nuria; Pereda-Manso, Adela; Carrascal, Yolanda; González, María Bragado; Ã�lvarez, Elvira Mateos; Cuadrado, Juan Berrocal; Valladares, Sergio Chávez; Méndez, Bárbara Segura; Simon-Perez, Clarisa; Garcia-Virto, Virginia; Alvarez-Ramos, Begoña A; Cervera, M Carmen; Plata, María; Zabalza, Ana; Labrador Hernández, Gregorio de J; Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos; Arribas, Dolores; Vitiello, Giulia; Sánchez-Cabús, Santiago; Llaquet-Bayo, Heura; Martin-Villares, Cristina; Minaya-Bravo, Ana; Medina, Manuel; Gonzalez, Enrique; Sánchez-Gollarte, Ana; Perez, Armando Galvan; Marín, Miguel Ruiz; Bobadilla Romero, Emny R; Prats, Milagros Carrasco; Giménez-Francés, Clara; Gonzalez, Rebeca; Arroyo-Domingo, Marta M; Marínez-Alonso, Jesús A; Maquilón, Alejandra Jara; Guillamon-Vivancos, Laura; Camarena, Ana Isabel Avellaneda; Capitan, Alfonso; Rodriguez, Enrique Viviente; Marco-Garrido, Alfonso; Golet, Marta Roldón; Estaire-Gómez, Mercedes; Calvo, Francisco Javier Redondo; Sánchez-Guillén, Luis; Soler-Silva, Ã�lvaro; Mateo-Sierra, Olga; Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña; Tousidonis, Manuel; Marin, Florencio M; Garcia, Pablo Rodriguez; Freiria Eiras, Miguel A; Vallve-Bernal, Marc; Bleda, Silvia; De Haro, Joaquin; Troncoso, Paula; Martín del Olmo, Juan C; Gómez-López, Juan R; Domínguez, Melody García; Morales-Puebla, Jose M; López-García, Isabel; Escartin, Jorge; El-Abur, Issa Talal; Aguilera, David García; Martin-Sole, Oriol; Pérez-Bertólez, Sonia; de Haro Jorge, Irene; Corres, Oscar Izquierdo; Mora-Guzmán, Ismael; Oliver Guillen, Jose R; de-Fernandez, Alina Lopez; San-Jose, Beatriz Fernandez-Velilla; Bergkvist, David Julià ; Ruiz-Villa, Laura; Marín, Eduardo González; Melero, Alba Vázquez; Varela, Lorena; Calvo, Mikel Prieto; Ateca, Ibabe Villalabeitia; Perfecto, Arkaitz; Carnicero, Patricia Alonso; Aranda, Elena; Martin-Playa, Patricia; Elizalde, Leire Aparicio; Galvañ, Yaiza; Plata-Bello, Julio; Fernández-Fernández, June; Rahy-Martín, Aida C; Rosas-Bermúdez, Clara; Pelloni, Maria; Di Martino, Marcello; Pendolero, Jorge Prada; Pérez, David Díaz; Losada, Manuel; García-Conde, María; Diéguez, Beatriz; Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel; Vidal, Francisco Ripoll; Zabaleta, Jon; Barrueco, Alvaro Sánchez; Beltran-Miranda, Pablo; Morales-Puebla, Jose M; Guevara-Martínez, Jenny; Arteaga Asensio, Pablo C; Saudí, Sef; Jariod-Ferrer, Ursula M; Duque-Mallén, Maria V; Dobon, Miguel A; Gracia-Roche, Carlos; Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando; Palacios, Nelson Morales; Diez-Alonso, Manuel; Matías-García, Belen; Diego, Lucía; Blázquez-Martin, Alma; Burgos-Blasco, Patricia; Ramos, Diego; Berna-Rico, Emilio; Ley, Luis; Sánchez-Fernández, Fátima; Río-Arroyo, Laura Del; Barberá, Rafael; Sánchez, Alberto Cabañero; Barranquero, Alberto G; Montes-Jovellar, Lourdes; Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J; Estévez, Javier Mata; Colás-Ruiz, Enrique; Gomez-Perez, Beatriz; Moya-Angeler, Joaquin; Delegido, Ana; Vázquez, Pedro José Gil; Alconchel, Felipe; León-Muñoz, Vicente J; López, Tatiana Nicolás; Pintor-Tortolero, Jose; Tallon-Aguilar, Luis; Dios-Barbeito, Sandra; Capitán, Luis C; Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos; Capitán-Morales, Luis C; Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor; Ripollés-Melchor, Javier; Abad-Motos, Ane; Sáez-Ruiz, Elena; Ruiz-de-la-Hermosa, Alicia; Perez-Ferrer, Antonio; Moriche-Carretero, Manuel; Revilla-Amores, Remedios; de Colsa, Daniel Serralta; Alcaide, Benito; Martín-Láez, Rubén; Cano-Trigueros, Emiliano; Soria-Aledo, Víctor; Aguado, Nuria; Segura-Sampedro, Juan J; González-Suárez, Susana; Espinosa-Bravo, Martin; Nuñez, Jorge H; Vilallonga, Ramon; Gil-Moreno, Antonio; Gil-Sala, Daniel; Espin-Basany, Eloy; Blanco-Colino, Ruth; Lopez, Manuel; Micó, Jacob Motos; Basnayake, Oshan; Jayarajah, Umesh; Wijekoon, Naveen S; Jayawardane, Indu A; Subasinghe, Duminda; Seneviratne, Sanjeewa A; Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha P; Chandrasinghe, Pramodh; PBThalgaspitiya, Sujeewa; Jayathilake, Anuradha B; Wijenayake, Wasantha; Omer, Israa A; Mustafa, Eman Elsadig; Abdallah, AlQasim Mohammed Ahmed; Ali, Ali A; El Hunjul, Ghalib N; Mukhtar, Deema Mohamedfagir Osman; Hussein, Mustafa Mohamed Ali; Shogar, Abdoalsalam; Abdallah, Muneeb E; Shaar, Abdalkader; shaar, Mohamed Nafea; kora, Mohamad khaled; Muhmmed, Khadija Ala; Sarih, Monira Mohammed; Omer, Mohammed E A; Idris, Moyasar A; Osman, Osama S; Alawad, Elharith MA; Ebad, Mustafa Abdalla Bakhit; Ibrahim, Ahmed M; Abass, Khider Altayeb Bakheet; Nour, Alshareef Bakri Yousif Mohamed; Hamid, Hytham K S; Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed; Ibrahim, Mohja Elsheikh Obeid; Yassin, Abubaker M; Abdelrahman, Salma Esam Mohamed Elhassan; Alnaser, Adnan Ayman; Taha, Tarig M; Adam, Mohammed E A E; AAhmed, Abdelkareem; Ebad, Mustafa Abdalla bakhit; Saadelnour, Mohammed Ahmed Idrees; Adlan, Ali Mohamed Ahmed; Ismail, Azzain; Alkhalifa, Elmustafa; Abdalaal, Ibrahim Ali Mohamed; Fadalla, Tarig; Ibrahim, Mohamed Yahia; Hamdoun Aziz, Elaf A; Mohammed, Muhsin Mohammed E A; Mohamed, Tasneem A; Alhag, Ali Alsaeed Ali; Mohamed, Rayan Ibrahim Hamid; Hamza, Salih Boushra; Ali, Mohamed Abdelazim Mohamed; Ahmed, Nidal Youseef A A; Alhag, Albrra Alhag Mohamed; Saleh, Mahmoud; Alkhalifa, Elmustafa; Jawad, Monir; Thorell, Anders; Segelman, Josefin; Hultgren, Rebecka; Elbe, Peter; Chew, Michelle S; Mohseni, Shahin; Buchwald, Pamela; ÄlgÃ¥, Andreas; Sandblom, Gabriel; Nordberg, Martin; Sund, Malin; RutegÃ¥rd, Martin; Nikberg, Maziar; Mongelli, Francesco; Di Giuseppe, Matteo; Papadia, Andrea; Gasparri, Maria Luisa; Antonilli, Morena; Popeskou, Sotirios-Georgios; Colucci, Nicola; Gialamas, Eleftherios; Dwidar, Oliver; Sauvain, Marc-Olivier; Maurus, Christine F; Kocher, Gregor J; Widmer, Lukas W; Mueller, Simon A; Giger, Roland; Hool, Sara-Lynn; Adamina, Michel; Peros, Georgios; Misirlic, Merima; Bächler, T; Schöni, Daniel; Taha, Anas; Gass, Jörn-Markus; Giesen, Thomas; Gero, Daniel; Däster, Silvio; Soysal, Savas D; Taha-Mehlitz, Stephanie; Tampakis, Athanasios; Hess, Gabriel F; Nocera, Fabio; Kollmar, Otto; Bolli, Martin; Mohammad, Mazen A; Bakdash, Anas M; Aljasem, Ramez KH; Rahhal, Amer A; Shareeda, Mohamad A; 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Mushawarima, Trust;
• Is Part Of: Lancet. Volume 400:Issue 10363(2022)
• Page Start: 1607
• Page End: 1617
• Publication Date: 2022-11-05
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine; Medicine; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01846-3
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0140-6736

Abstract

Summary: Background: The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods: First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. Findings: In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45·6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84·5 (95% CI 84·1â€"84·9), which varied between HIC (88·5 [89·0â€"88·0]), MIC (81·8 [82·5â€"81·1]), and LIC (66·8 [64·9â€"68·7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74·6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51·4%) were from HIC, 538 (44·2%) from MIC, and 54 (4·4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3·6% (95% CI 3·0â€"4·1; p<0·0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4·8% [4·1â€"5·5]; p<0·0001), MIC (2·8 [2·0â€"3·7]; p<0·0001), and LIC (3·8 [1·3â€"6·7%]; p<0·0001) settings. Interpretation: The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, NIHR Academy, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel Research UK, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, and Medtronic.