2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) adsorptive removal by algal magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vinayagam, Ramesh; Ganga, Saivedh; Murugesan, Gokulakrishnan; Rangasamy, Gayathri; Bhole, Ruchi; Goveas, Louella Concepta; Varadavenkatesan, Thivaharan; Dave, Niyam; Samanth, Adithya; Radhika Devi, V.; Selvaraj, Raja
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 310(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid -- Adsorption -- Magnetic activated carbon -- Ulva prolifera -- Nanocomposite -- Herbicide; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136883
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: In the present study, ferric oxide nanoparticles impregnated with activated carbon from Ulva prolifera biomass (UPAC−Fe2 O3 ) were prepared and employed to remove 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) by adsorption. The UPAC−Fe2 O3 nanocomposite was characterized for its structural and functional properties by a variety of techniques. The nanocomposite had a jagged, irregular surface with pores due to uneven scattering of Fe2 O3 nanoparticles, whereas elemental analysis portrayed the incidence of carbon, oxygen, and iron. XRD analysis established the crystalline and amorphous planes corresponding to the iron oxide and carbon phase respectively. FT-IR analyzed the functional groups that confirmed the integration of Fe2 O3 nanoparticles onto nanocomposite surfaces. VSM and XPS studies uncovered the superparamagnetic nature and presence of carbon and Fe2 O3, respectively, in the UPAC−Fe2 O3 nanocomposite. While the surface area was 292.51 m 2 /g, the size and volume of the pores were at 2.61 nm and 0.1906 cm 3 /g, respectively, indicating the mesoporous nature and suitability of the nanocomposites that could be used as adsorbents. Adsorptive removal of 2, 4-D by nanocomposite for variations in process parameters like pH, dosage, agitation speed, adsorption time, and 2, 4-D concentration was studied. The adsorption of 2, 4-D by UPAC−Fe2 O3 nanocomposite was monolayer chemisorption owing to Langmuir isotherm behavior along with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity and second order rate constant values were 60.61 mg/g and 0.0405 g/mg min respectively. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the spontaneous and feasible endothermic adsorption process. These findings confirm the suitability of the synthesized UPAC−Fe2 O3 nanocomposite to be used as an adsorbent for toxic herbicide waste streams. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Magnetic activated carbon was synthesized using Ulva prolifera biomass. Irregular surface with pores were seen in FESEM image. Enhanced specific surface area of 292.51 m 2 /g with mesoscopic structure was noticed. 2, 4-D adsorption using magnetic activated carbon with 60.61 mg/g was obtained.