Data-driven learning to identify biomarkers in bipolar disorder. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Zhuangzhuang; Li, Wenmei; Yan, Wei; Zhang, Rongrong; Xie, Shiping
• Is Part Of: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. Volume 226(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Bipolar disorder -- Structural magnetic functional imaging -- Deep autoencoder -- Feature selection; Medicine -- Computer programs -- Periodicals; Biology -- Computer programs -- Periodicals; Computers -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Logiciels -- Périodiques; Biologie -- Logiciels -- Périodiques; Biology -- Computer programs; Medicine -- Computer programs; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107112
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0169-2607

Abstract

Highlights: The autoencoder and a data-driven feature stability selection method are proposed to identify the biomarkers of BD. A generic AE model is trained to be applied to identify the biomarkers of any psychiatric disorders based on the sMRI data. Left orbital part of middle frontal gyrus is proved vital for discriminating BD and healthy controls. Abstract: Background and Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the primary causes of disability globally and can be easily misdiagnosed as schizophrenia or major depression due to their similar symptoms. Hence, it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Statistical analysis is currently the most common method for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. However, this method only considers the relationship between groups and does not reflect the individual-level diagnosis. Therefore, we developed machine learning algorithms to measure pathological brain changes in psychiatric disorders. Methods: An autoencoder and a feature selection method are proposed to identify the abnormal structural patterns of BD in this study. The autoencoder was constructed using structural imaging data from 1113 healthy controls, which aims to define the normal range of anatomical deviations to distinguish healthy individuals from BD patients. The biomarkers of BD were identified by the reconstruction errors in each brain region. The proposed feature selection (FS)-select framework aimed to determine the optimal FS method and identify the most reproducible feature associated with BD. Results: We found that the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus had the greatest difference between healthy controls and BD patients using a trained autoencoder. The most reproducible feature was the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus by FS-select framework when using the different cross-validation strategies. Conclusions: A consistent result was obtained from the above two proposed methods wherein a significant difference between healthy controls and BD patients was identified in the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus.