Provenance of the Late Cretaceous Pab Formation, Sulaiman fold‐thrust belt, Pakistan: Insight from the detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography. Issue 11 (24th July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Qasim, Muhammad; Tabassum, Kamran; Ding, Lin; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal; Awais, Muhammad; Baral, Upendra
• Is Part Of: Geological journal. Volume 57:Issue 11(2022)
• Page Start: 4439
• Page End: 4450
• Publication Date: 2022-07-24
• Subjects: Cretaceous -- Pakistan -- provenance -- Sulaiman fold‐belt -- U–Pb geochronology -- Western Indian margin; Geology -- Periodicals; 551
• DOI: 10.1002/gj.4546
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0072-1050

Abstract

Abstract : This study provides an insight to the provenance of the Late Cretaceous Pab Formation exposed in the Sulaiman fold‐thrust belt, Pakistan. The methodology adopted consisted of sandstone petrography and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology. The sandstone petrography indicates craton interior and recycled orogenic provenances that points to an Indian provenance. The observed basaltic lithics were possibly derived from Rajmahal traps instead of Deccan traps, supported by younger detrital age. The detrital zircon ages exhibit a resemblance to the central and southern Indian provenances, while some detritus also matches the age spectrum of Tethyan Himalayas (~400–800 Ma). Combining sandstone petrography and U–Pb geochronology results, it is suggested that in the Late Cretaceous time, the sediments were mainly fed by the southern and central sources of the Indian Craton. This provenace is possible, as during the Cretaceous time, thermal doming of Indian Plate in the southern part occurred when it was passing over a mantle hotspot. This movement over the hotspot uplifted the southeastern region and increased sediment supply from southern and central Indian provenances and deposited along the western margin as the Pab Formation. Abstract : (a) Simplified 2D Tectonic model showing the source regions delivering detritus to the western margin during the deposition of the Pab Formation. (b) 3D impression of the Indian Craton and the western margin, which shows the thermal doming of the southeastern region of the Indian plate when it passed over the hotspot. This uplifting caused the increase in sediment supply from southeastern region to the western margin of the Indian Plate.