Mucormycosis an added burden to Covid-19 Patients: An in-depth systematic review. Issue 11 (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shah, Naveed Nazir; Khan, Zaid; Ahad, Hashim; Elderdery, Abozer Y.; Alomary, Mohammad N.; Atwah, Banan; Alhindi, Zain; Alsugoor, Mahdi H.; Elkhalifa, Ahmed M.E.; Nabi, Showket; Bashir, Showkeen Muzamil; Yaqub, Tahir; Rather, Gulzar Ahmed; Ansari, Mohammad Azam
• Is Part Of: Journal of infection and public health. Volume 15:Issue 11(2022)
• Page Start: 1299
• Page End: 1314
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -- AMB Amphotericin B -- CAM COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis -- CD Cluster of Differentiation -- CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention -- CDH Chest Disease Hospital -- CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute -- CotH coating protein family -- COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 -- CT Computerized Tomography -- DM Diabetes Mellitus -- ECIL European Conference on Infections in Leukemia -- ELISpot Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot -- EMM European Confederation of Medical Mycology -- EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing -- FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridization -- GRP78 glucose regulator protein 78 -- H1N1 Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1 -- H2N2 Hemagglutinin Type 2 and Neuraminidase Type 2 -- HIV–AI human immunodeficiency virus associated immunodeficiency -- ICU Intensive Care Unit -- IL Interleukin -- ITS Internal Transcribed Spacer -- MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight -- MRI Magnetic resonance imaging -- PCR polymerase chain reaction -- rRNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid -- SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 -- SDA Sabouraud dextrose agar -- TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; COVID-19 -- Mucormycosis -- Diabetes mellitus -- Coronavirus -- COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) and Co-morbidities; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Epidemiology -- Periodicals; Nosocomial infections -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Medical microbiology -- Periodicals; 614.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1876-0341

Abstract

Abstract: As of 25th July, 2022, global Disease burden of 575, 430, 244 confirmed cases and over 6, 403, 511 deaths have been attributed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Co-infections/secondary infections continue to plague patients around the world as result of the co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, biochemical changes caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) especially significant elevation in free iron levels, immune suppression caused by SARS-CoV-2, and indiscriminate use of systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease. In such circumstances, opportunistic fungal infections pose significant challenge for COVID-19 disease therapy in patients with other co-morbidities. Although COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis (CAM) has been widely recognized, currently extensive research is being conducted on mucormycosis. It has been widely agreed that patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy are highly susceptible for CAM, henceforth high index of screening and intensive care and management is need of an hour in order to have favorable outcomes in these patients. Diagnosis in such cases is often delayed and eventually the disease progresses quickly which poses added burden to clinician and increases patient load in critical care units of hospitals. A vast perusal of literature indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus and those with other co-morbidities might be highly vulnerable to develop mucormycosis. In the present work, the case series of three patients presented at Chest Disease Hospital Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir infected with CAM has been described with their epidemiological data in supplementary section. All these cases were found to be affected with co-morbidity of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and were under corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, given the significant death rate linked with mucormycosis and the growing understanding of the diseases significance, systematic review of the literature on CAM has been discussed and we have attempted to discuss emerging CAM and related aspects of the disease.