An embedded solution for fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic modules using thermographic images and deep convolutional neural networks. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mellit, Adel
• Is Part Of: Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. Volume 116(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Photovoltaic -- Thermography image -- Fault diagnosis -- Deep learning -- Embedded system -- TensorFlow lite -- TinyML -- Edge devices; Engineering -- Data processing -- Periodicals; Artificial intelligence -- Periodicals; Expert systems (Computer science) -- Periodicals; Ingénierie -- Informatique -- Périodiques; Intelligence artificielle -- Périodiques; Systèmes experts (Informatique) -- Périodiques; Artificial intelligence; Engineering -- Data processing; Expert systems (Computer science); Periodicals; 620.00285
• DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105459
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-1976

Abstract

Abstract: In this work, an embedded system for fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) modules based on infrared thermographic images and deep conventional neural networks (DCNNs) is introduced. First, a binary classifier is developed for PV modules fault detection. Then, a multiclass classifier is developed to diagnose the type of defects occurred on PV modules. In this study, four common defects are examined: partial shading effect, dust deposit on PV modules surface, short-circuited PV module and bypass diode failure. The developed DCNN-based classifiers have been first optimized and then embedded into a low-cost microprocessor (Raspberry Pi 4). The models have also been compared with three main TF-Lite optimization techniques (Simple conversion, Dynamic range quantization and Float 16 quantization). Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the developed embedded system to operate in real-time, and can detect and diagnose anomalies with acceptable accuracy. The trade-off between accuracy and models size has been also discussed. Furthermore, the operator could be notified about the state of the PV array through SMS (phone message) using a GSM module (SIM808), as well as by email. This embedded solution can help to make real-time analyses for decision making (i.e. removing fault, cleaning PV modules, changing PV modules, replacing diodes, etc.).