Air monitoring of tire-derived chemicals in global megacities using passive samplers. (1st December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johannessen, Cassandra; Saini, Amandeep; Zhang, Xianming; Harner, Tom
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 314(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12-01
• Subjects: Urban air pollution -- Tire-wear chemicals -- Transformation products -- 6PPD-Quinone -- GAPS Megacities -- Passive air sampling; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120206
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Pollution from vehicle tires has received world-wide research attention due to its ubiquity and toxicity. In this study, we measured various tire-derived contaminants semi-quantitatively in archived extracts of passive air samplers deployed in 18 major cities that comprise the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network (GAPS-Megacities). Analysis was done on archived samples, which represent one-time weighted passive air samples from each of the 18 monitoring sites. The target analytes included cyclic amines, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) derivatives. Of the analyzed tire-derived contaminants, diphenylguanidine was the most frequently detected analyte across the globe, with estimated concentrations ranging from 45.0 pg/m 3 in Beijing, China to 199 pg/m 3 in Kolkata, India. The estimated concentrations of 6PPD-quinone and total benzothiazoles (including benzothiazole, 2-methylthio-benzothiazole, 2-methyl-benzothiazole, 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole) peaked in the Latin American and the Caribbean region at 1 pg/m 3 and 100 pg/m 3, respectively. In addition, other known tire-derived compounds, such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, phenylguanidine, and various transformation products of 6PPD, were also monitored and characterized semi-quantitatively or qualitatively. This study presents some of the earliest data on airborne concentrations of chemicals associated with tire-wear and shows that passive sampling is a viable techniquefor monitoring airborne tire-wear contamination. Due to the presence of many tire-derived contaminants in urban air across the globe as highlighted by this study, there is a need to determine the associated exposure and toxicity of these chemicals to humans. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Passive air sampling is a viable method for ambient monitoring of tire chemicals. Tire chemicals are ubiquitous in air of urban environments across the globe. Diphenylguanidine is highly dispersed over the world in elevated amounts. Salmonoid toxin, 6PPD-quinone, was detected in 15 megacities.