High-capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on pixel-value-ordering and histogram shifting. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Yaomin; Xiong, Gangqiang; He, Wenguang
• Is Part Of: Expert systems with applications. Volume 211(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: IIoT -- Information security -- Reversible data hiding -- Image encryption; Expert systems (Computer science) -- Periodicals; Systèmes experts (Informatique) -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 006.33
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118600
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0957-4174

Abstract

Abstract: New security threats are generated with the coming of information industrial 5.0 represented by artificial intelligence and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). One of the most significant concerns in IIoT is information security which refers to the protection of the privacy of image owner. To this end, a new reversible data hiding in encrypted image (RDHEI) method with high capacity for IIoT security is proposed in this paper. On image owner side, image contents are protected by a block level image encryption method while the correlations of adjacent pixels inside the same block are not damaged. On receiver side, to realize reversibility, all encrypted pixel blocks are classified into overflow blocks and non-overflow blocks and only non-overflow blocks are used to carry additional data. Then, some secret data, which is used to manage encrypted images, is embedded into the largest and smallest pixels in non-overflow blocks by utilizing pixel-value-ordering and histogram shifting techniques. On the receiver side, original image and secret data can be recovered perfectly. Moreover, according the availability of decryption key and data hiding key, image recovery and data extraction are separably executed. Experimental results demonstrate that significant improvement in embedding capacity is achieved without destroying reversibility. In this way, the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods and it is quite suitable for IIoT. Highlights: Compared with previous methods that use a pixel block or dozens of pixels to carry one bit, more data bits can be embedded into each non-overlapped 2 × 2 sized block. In this way higher capaicty is achieved. Since only scrambling is adopted for image encryption, the pixel value order of pixels in a block is maintained and this is conducive to vacating the embedding room. Performance improvement is achieved under the condition of realizing real reversibility. Therefore, the proposed method is more suitable for IIoT scenarios with very high requirement on image quality. Separability of image decryption and data extraction. Receiver with only the decryption key can restore the cover image while receiver with only the data-hiding key can losslessly extract the hidden data.