Realization and Evaluation of Real-Time Uncombined GPS/Galileo/BDS PPP-RTK in the Offshore Area of China's Bohai Sea. Issue 6 (2nd November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yin, Xiao; Chai, Hongzhou; Xu, Wenbing; Zhao, Liang; Zhu, Huawei
• Is Part Of: Marine geodesy. Volume 45:Issue 6(2022)
• Page Start: 577
• Page End: 594
• Publication Date: 2022-11-02
• Subjects: ambiguity resolution -- atmospheric correction -- GPS/Galileo/BDS -- offshore -- PPP-RTK; Marine geodesy -- Periodicals; Hydrographic surveying -- Periodicals; 526.99
• DOI: 10.1080/01490419.2022.2057628
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-0419

Abstract

Abstract: The real-time kinematic (RTK) technology has been widely used as the high-precision positioning method in the offshore area. However, RTK requires a bi-directional communication and groups measurement errors together, thereby limiting its mass-market applications. Combining the advantages of precise point positioning (PPP) and RTK, PPP-RTK has become one of the hotspot technologies in the mass market. In this contribution, we propose the uncombined multi-GNSS PPP-RTK model using uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs) estimated from the legacy ionosphere-free and Melbourne-Wübbena combination. With the UPDs estimated based on 14 regional stations, we conduct PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) at 3 augmentation stations and derive precise atmospheric corrections, i.e., RMS of zenith tropospheric and slant ionospheric correction can be up to 4.89 mm and 2.20 cm, respectively. After applying atmospheric correction, the correct fixed solution of four on-board kinematic experiments can be better than 95% and the positioning accuracy can be better than 5 cm in both horizontal and vertical direction, showing the encouraging performance similar to RTK in the offshore area.