Using a soft computing OSPRC risk framework to analyze multiple contaminants from multiple sources; a case study from Khoy Plain, NW Iran. (December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nadiri, Ata Allah; Aghdam, Fariba Sadeghi; Razzagh, Siamak; Barzegar, Rahim; Jabraili-Andaryan, Nasser; Senapathi, Venkatramanan
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 308:Part 3(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12
• Subjects: Multiple contaminants -- Groundwater risk -- Soft modeling -- Khoy plain; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136527
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Water shortage in arid and semi-arid areas like Iran makes groundwater contamination a crucial issue. In the Khoy aquifer, NW Iran, contaminants (e.g., arsenic (As), nitrate (NO3 − ), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) may originate from both geological and anthropogenic sources. The objectives of the study are to (1) employ soft modeling framework to abstract available hydrogeochemical information into a perceptual model and (2) build a conceptual model using the risk cells (RCs) by applying the following two steps: (i) study Origin-Source-Pathways-Receptor-Consequence (OSPRC) as a risk system; and (ii) apply "soft modeling" as a set of diverse and classical tools including graphical representations, geological surveys, and multivariate statistical analysis to validate the information by evaluating their convergence or divergence behaviors among different tools used for investigating the groundwater contaminants. According to the perceptual model, the Khoy aquifer contains four RCs. RC4 (southern of plain) and RC2 (northern of the plain) contain high levels of As, while RC2 contains high amounts of Zn. In RC1 (northern of plain) and RC3 (middle of plain), a high concentration of Pb is detected, while in RC3 and RC4, there is a high concentration of NO3 − . It was found that a soft modeling approach can only identify the dominant hydrogeochemical processes for each RC as a descriptive model, rather than the use of quantitative models if sufficient data are available. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Four contaminants including As, NO3 −, Pb, and Zn expose to the Khoy aquifer, NW Iran. 'Total Information Management' (TIM) is a framework to aggregate five dimensions. Five dimensions are Perceptual and conceptual model, risk cells, soft modelling and OSPRC framework. OSPRC risk framework utilize to identify the source/origin of groundwater multiple contaminants. Soft modeling applied to as a set of diverse and classical tools to study contaminants.