Evaluating the clinical utility of measuring levels of factor H and the related proteins. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Banerjee, Pratiti; Veuskens, Bert R.J.; de Jorge, Elena Goicoechea; Józsi, Mihály; Baeumner, Antje J.; Steiner, Mark-Steven; Pouw, Richard B.; Toonen, Erik J.M.; Pauly, Diana; Poppelaars, Felix
• Is Part Of: Molecular immunology. Volume 151(2022)
• Page Start: 166
• Page End: 182
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: AAV ANCA-associated vasculitis -- aHUS Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome -- AMD Age-related macular degeneration -- ANCA Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody -- AP Alternative pathway -- C3G C3 glomerulopathy -- CCP Complement control protein -- CFH Human complement factor H gene -- Cfh, Mouse complement factor H gene -- CFHR, Human complement factor H-related genes -- CFHR3–1Δ Deletion of CFHR3 and CFHR1 -- CRASPs Complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins -- CRP C-reactive protein -- CVD Cardiovascular disease -- FB Factor B -- FH Factor H -- fHbp Meningococcal factor H binding protein -- FHL-1 Factor H-like 1 -- FHRs Factor H-related proteins -- FI Factor I -- GWAS Genome-wide association studies -- IgAN Immunoglobulin A nephropathy -- MD Meningococcal disease -- PNH Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria -- RCA Regulators of complement activation -- SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus -- SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism; Complement system -- Factor H -- FHR -- FHL-1 -- Biomarker; Immunochemistry -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Immunochemistry -- Periodicals; Allergy and Immunology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Immunochimie -- Périodiques; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Immunochemistry; Molecular biology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 571.96
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0161-5890

Abstract

Abstract: After years of disappointing clinical results, the tide has finally changed and complement targeted-therapies have become a validated and accepted treatment option for several diseases. These accomplishments have revitalized the field and brought renewed attention to the prospects that complement therapeutics can offer. Streamlining diagnostics and therapeutics is imperative in this new era of clinical use of complement therapeutics. However, the incredible success in therapeutics has not been accompanied by the development of novel standardized tools for complement testing. Complement biomarkers can assist in the risk assessment and diagnosis of diseases as well as the prediction of disease progression and treatment response. Recently, a group of complement proteins has been suggested to be highly relevant in various complement-associated disorders, namely the human factor H (FH) protein family. This family of closely related proteins consists of FH, FH-like protein 1, and five factor H-related proteins, and they have been linked to eye, kidney, infectious, vascular, and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available data on circulating levels of FH and its related proteins in different pathologies. In addition, we examined the current literature to determine the clinical utility of measuring levels of the FH protein family in health and disease. Finally, we discuss future steps that are needed to make their clinical translation a reality. Highlights: Factor H-related proteins are increasingly measured in complement pathologies. Levels of the factor H protein family associate with complement related diseases. Factor H family members may be biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Developing standardized (multiplex) assays for clinical use is the next challenge. It is not all about factor H, the factor H-related proteins do matter!?