A novel process model for developing a scalable room-level energy benchmark using real-time bigdata: Focused on identifying representative energy usage patterns. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Junsoo; Kim, Tae Wan; Koo, Choongwan
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 169(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Scalable energy benchmark -- Representative energy usage Patterns -- K-means clustering -- IoT-based smart energy meter -- Real-time bigdata analytics -- Building energy rating; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112944
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: Existing building energy ratings are typically derived with the annual average energy consumption of the buildings. This approach may be appropriate for formulating community-level energy strategy at the macro level, but it cannot be directly linked to occupant behavior for energy savings at the micro level. In light of this, this study aimed to propose a novel process model for developing a scalable room-level energy benchmark using real-time bigdata, which focused on identifying representative energy usage patterns and encouraging occupant behavior change for energy savings. When creating a scalable room-level energy benchmark, three views were taken into account: (i) space unit as perceived by occupants, for which space-specific energy usage datasets were classified based on space attributes; (ii) time unit to which occupants can respond simultaneously, for which hourly energy usage datasets were used; and (iii) equipment unit to which occupants can precisely respond, for which energy usage datasets by different types of electrical installation and appliance were utilized. Based on the scalable room-level energy benchmark, the main findings can be summarized: (i) five representative energy usage patterns were identified using k-means clustering method; (ii) the year-round distributions of the five representative patterns were investigated by month and weekday; and (iii) the annual average variance (or uncertainty) of the room-level scalable energy benchmark was determined to be 19.6%. By providing spatio-temporal information on energy usage patterns in real time, it is expected that occupant behavior change can be voluntarily encouraged to save energy in buildings using the proposed approach. Highlights: A novel process model was proposed to develop scalable room-level energy benchmark. The benchmark was created by considering space unit, time unit, and equipment unit. Five representative energy patterns were identified using the k-means clustering. Annual average variance (or uncertainty) of the benchmark was determined at 19.6%. Occupant is expected to voluntarily participate in energy saving with the benchmark.