Epidemiology of diabetes. (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Forouhi, Nita Gandhi; Wareham, Nicholas J.
• Is Part Of: Medicine. Volume 50:Number 10(2022)
• Page Start: 638
• Page End: 643
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: Aetiology -- diagnosis -- epidemiology -- prevention -- screening -- type 1 diabetes -- type 2 diabetes; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Périodiques; Médecine factuelle -- Périodiques; Medicine; Periodicals; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 610
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2022.07.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1357-3039

Abstract

Abstract: The number of people with diabetes mellitus has continued to rise globally, posing a major public health burden, placing unsustainable demands on affected individuals, carers, health systems and society. The latest estimates show a global prevalence of 537 million adults with diabetes in 2021, which is expected to rise to 783 million by 2045. This burden is distributed unequally, with three-quarters of adults with diabetes living in low- and middle-income countries. The diabetes burden is fuelled by population ageing and the global rise in the prevalence of obesity and suboptimal health behaviours including poor quality diets and physical inactivity; these are in turn promoted by wider societal determinants, including urbanization. The aetiological classification of diabetes principally separates diabetes mellitus into two main types, types 1 and 2; type 2 diabetes accounts for >90% of the total diabetes mellitus prevalence. These common forms of diabetes can lead to multisystem complications of microvascular endpoints (e.g. retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular endpoints (e.g. ischaemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease). The aetiology of type 1 diabetes is incompletely understood. The role of modifiable factors in the causation of type 2 diabetes is better understood, making prevention a realistic public health goal.