Synthesis of a regenerative energy system – beyond carbon emissions neutrality. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Potrč, Sanja; Nemet, Andreja; Čuček, Lidija; Varbanov, Petar Sabev; Kravanja, Zdravko
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 169(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Energy transition -- Renewable energy system -- Supply network optimisation -- Carbon emissions neutrality -- Regenerative development -- Natural carbon emissions sequestration; CHP Combined Heat and Power -- DDGS Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles -- EED Energy Efficiency Directive -- EU European Union -- FT Fischer Tropsch -- GHG Greenhouse Gas -- IEA International Energy Agency -- JEDI Jobs and Economic Development Impact -- JRC Joint Research Center -- LUT-ESTM Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology(LUT) Energy System Transition model -- MILP Mixed-integer linear programming -- MINLP Mixed-integer nonlinear programming -- MSW Municipal Solid Waste -- NPV Net Present Value -- PHS Pumped Hydro Storage -- PV Photovoltaic -- PyPSA Python for Power System Analysis -- RE Renewable Energy -- RES Renewable Energy Sources -- TES Thermal Energy Storage -- TPPtoCHP Thermal Power Plants converted to biomass CHP -- TRNSYS Transient System Simulation Tool -- WCO Waste Cooking Oil -- WtE Waste to Energy; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112924
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: To keep temperature rise well below 2 °C, production systems should be synthesised in a way that are regenerative, climate-resilient, and equitable, and to maintain biodiversity to preserve life and meet future human needs with the integrity of nature. In line with this approach, this paper presents a stepwise transition to a regenerative energy system in the EU by 2050, with the aim of going beyond carbon neutrality and achieving annual net negative emissions. A mixed-integer linear programming model is developed with the goal of maximising the Sustainability Net Present Value while achieving a balanced solution between all the three basic sustainability pillars. In order to obtain a regenerative system design, the annual self-sequestration of CO2 by the Earth was evaluated based on the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere and the change in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The impact of different CO2 emission reduction scenarios on the atmospheric CO2 concentration until 2050 was evaluated. The results show that carbon neutrality at the global level could be achieved by 2050 with a 1.63% annual reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Moreover, the results indicate that if carbon emission neutrality is achieved at the global level in 2050, it could be achieved in the EU as early as 2039, given the Earth's self-sequestration capacity. To go beyond carbon emissions neutrality at the EU level, electricity demand is expected to nearly double, particularly due to the electrification of road transport, the use of heat pumps for heating residential and the tertiary sectors, 6G and IoT widespread out etc. Highlights: A critical review of sustainable heat production technologies. A MILP model to achieve carbon emissions neutrality or negative net emissions in the EU by 2050. Cross-sectoral synthesis of regenerative energy systems – beyond sustainability. Assessment and prediction of Earth's self-sequestration in the synthesis of regenerative energy systems.