Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases. Issue 130 (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yadav, Poonam; Sarode, Lopmudra P.; Gaddam, Ravinder Reddy; Kumar, Puneet; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Khurana, Amit; Navik, Umashanker
• Is Part Of: Fish & shellfish immunology. Issue 130(2022)
• Page Start: 53
• Page End: 60
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Zebrafish -- Thyroid gland -- Thyroid disorders -- Disease model -- Therapeutic tool; AEPC Acetylcholine Esterase Positive Cells -- AHDS Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome -- CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats -- Cas9 CRISPR-Associated protein 9 -- DIs Iodothyronine deiodinases -- dpf Day Post Fertilization -- foxe1 Forkhead box protein E1 -- GFP Green fluorescent protein -- mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin -- hhex Haematopoietically expressed homeobox -- hpf Hours post-fertilization -- JAG1 Jagged Canonical Notch Ligand 1 -- MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MCT8 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 -- OATPs Organic anion transporter proteins -- T3 Triiodothyronine -- T4 Tetraiodothyronine -- Tshb Thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit -- nkx2.1a NK2 homeobox 1 -- PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- Pax2a Paired box genes -- SECISBP2 Selenocysteine Insertion sequence-binding protein -- WWTR1 WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 -- ZFN Zinc finger nucleases; Fishes -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Shellfish -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Poissons -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; Crustacés -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; 571.9617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1050-4648

Abstract

Abstract: Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Like mammals, zebrafish also possess the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid hormone signaling is regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, deiodinases, and transporters. Zebrafish is an evolving model to study thyroid hormone signaling and related disorders. Zebrafish model could be utilized for discovering novel therapeutic tools.