Diet and carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Issue 6 (21st November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Maddineni, Gautam; Xie, Jesse J.; Brahmbhatt, Bhaumik; Mutha, Pritesh
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in gastroenterology. Volume 38:Issue 6(2022)
• Page Start: 588
• Page End: 591
• Publication Date: 2022-11-21
• Subjects: carcinogenesis -- diet -- gastric adenocarcinoma -- gastric cancer; Gastroenterology -- Periodicals; 616.33
• DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000875
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0267-1379

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: Several recent studies have corroborated a strong association between diet and gastric cancer risk; investigators have also identified dietary factors that protect against gastric cancer. This review summarizes the literature on this topic and guides future research directions. Recent findings: High-salt intake disrupts the gastric mucosal defense barrier, promoting Helicobacter pylori colonization and penetration of other carcinogenic compounds. Processed foods, processed meats, red meat, alcohol, foods with high dietary fat, and dietary cholesterol increase the risk of gastric carcinogenesis. On the other hand, increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and a low-salt diet may offer a protective effect. Summary: Despite decreases in gastric cancer incidence because of increased identification and treatment of H. pylori, gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide with a high mortality rate. This disturbing statistic highlights the importance of reducing and eliminating other risk factors for gastric cancer. There is a strong body of evidence that alcohol, processed foods, high salt intake, high fat intake, and foods with animal products (meats, eggs, and dairy) increase the risk of gastric cancer. A diet that is high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and is low in salt may reduce the risk of gastric cancer.