No seasonal curtailment of the Eurasian Skylark's (Alauda arvensis) breeding season in German heterogeneous farmland. Issue 9 (20th September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Püttmanns, Manuel; Lehmann, Franziska; Willert, Fabian; Heinz, Jasmin; Kieburg, Antje; Filla, Tim; Balkenhol, Niko; Waltert, Matthias; Gottschalk, Eckhard
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 12:Issue 9(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-09-20
• Subjects: Alaudidae -- breeding success -- crop diversity -- home range -- nest success -- winter cereals; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9267
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: The lack of suitable nesting sites is one key driver behind the farmland bird crisis in Europe. Winter cereals become impenetrable for ground‐breeding birds like the Eurasian Skylark ( Alauda arvensis ), curtailing breeding time. Stable Skylark populations depend on multiple breeding attempts per year; thus, the widespread cultivation of winter cereals has strongly contributed to their tremendous decline. Crop diversification is thought to be a potential measure to counteract this development. Therefore, we explored how individual Skylarks respond to the decreasing suitability of winter cereals as nesting habitats in heterogeneous but otherwise conventionally managed farmland. Our study focused on: (i) the degree to which Skylarks prematurely cease nesting activity, switch nesting habitats, or breed on linear structures like tramlines. Additionally, we analyzed: (ii) if nest success decreases throughout the breeding season and (iii) how often Skylarks make a successful breeding attempt per year. We radio‐tagged 28 adults in a German population during April 2018 and 2019, tracked half of them for more than 3 months, and measured their breeding success. Additionally, we monitored nests of untagged pairs, resulting in 96 nests found. None, except one tagged individual, stopped breeding activity before July 1st. Home ranges were mainly stable, but Skylarks switched nesting habitats away from winter cereals to crops like sugar beet or set‐aside. High‐risk nesting sites like corn and linear structures played a minor role in breeding. Overall, Mayfield logistic regressions revealed no seasonal decrease in nest success, and tagged Skylarks had sufficient time to make 1.5–1.8 breeding attempts, of which 0.8 were successful. We suggest that heterogeneous farmland in our study area, which enabled diversely composed home ranges, prevented a curtailment of the breeding season. Thus, our study reinforces the need for crop diversification which gives Skylarks a chance to survive in modern farmland. Abstract : Dense‐growing crop vegetation in modern farmland is thought to curtail the potential time for breeding of Eurasian Skylarks ( Alauda arvensis ), thus contributing to the dramatic population decline in Skylarks in Europe. Contradicting this, we found no time constraints for successful reproduction in our Central European study population after following radio‐tagged Skylarks during the breeding season. Our findings are most likely a result of the heterogeneous composition of the study area, which guaranteed the constant availability of accessible and safe nesting habitats. Thus, our work reinforces the need for crop diversification that gives Skylarks a chance to survive in modern agricultural landscapes. Credits: Lisa Dumpe.