Oncogenic viruses as etiological risk factors for head and neck cancers: An overview on prevalence, mechanism of infection and clinical relevance. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Payaradka, Rajesha; Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi; Vyas, Rahul; Patil, Prakash; Rajendra, Vinay Kumar; Kumar, Mohana; Shetty, Veena; Devegowda, Devanand
• Is Part Of: Archives of oral biology. Volume 143(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer -- CTLs Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes -- DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid -- EMT Epithelial mesenchymal transition -- EBNA Epstein – Barr virus nuclear antigen -- EBER Epstein- Barr encoding region -- E6AP E6 associated protein -- EBV Epstein-Barr virus -- HPV Human Papillomavirus -- HBV Hepatitis B virus -- HCV Hepatitis C virus -- HHV4 Human herpes virus type 4 -- HTLV-1 Human T-cell leukaemia virus 1 -- HSV Herpes simplex virus -- hCSF-1 Human colony-stimulating factor 1 -- IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer -- IFN-α Interferon – α -- ISH In Situ Hybridization -- KSHV Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus -- LCR Long control region -- LMP Latent membrane protein -- MCPyV Merkel cell polyomavirus -- ORFs Open reading frames -- OSCC Oral squamous cell carcinoma -- PCR Polymerase chain reaction -- TR Terminal repeats -- TNM Tumor Nodes metastases -- URR Upstream regulatory region -- XL MS- Cross linking mass spectrometry; Head and neck cancers -- Oncogenic virus -- Human papillomavirus -- Epstein Barr virus -- Risk factors -- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Mouth -- Periodicals; Mouth -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 617.6005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105526
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-9969

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: This review article aims to discuss the role of oncogenic viruses in the development of head and neck cancers including the prevalence, mode of infection and the clinical relevance of these viral infections associated with tumours. Design: A detailed review of scientific literature was performed relevant to oncogenic viruses associated with head and neck cancers. Results: The incidence of head and neck cancers associated with traditional risk factors such as smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol consumption have reduced gradually. With the emergence of oncogenic viruses, the viral infection has become a major etiological contributor to the global cancer burden. Viral infection in the etiology of cancer opens up an opportunity for viral gene specific targets in diagnosis and biomarkers to evaluate prognosis. Infection with high-risk HPVs in the oropharynx is already proving to be beneficial as a subset of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients tend to have better prognosis in terms of treatment responses and overall survival. Conclusions: Large multi-center clinical trials exploring the implications of modifying viral infections in cancers are further warranted and the results hold the key to the management of patients suffering from cancers driven by viral infections.