Childhood experiences of being parented, adult attachment, psychological inflexibility, social engagement, and mental health of autistic adults. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Jia Ying Sarah; Whittingham, Koa; Mitchell, Amy E.
• Is Part Of: Research in developmental disabilities. Volume 130(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Autism -- Parenting -- Psychological flexibility -- Attachment; Developmental disabilities -- Periodicals; Developmentally disabled -- Research -- United States -- Periodicals; Developmentally disabled children -- Education -- Research -- United States -- Periodicals; Developmental Disabilities -- Periodicals; Disabled -- Periodicals; Mental Retardation -- rehabilitation -- Periodicals; Personnes atteintes de troubles du développement -- Recherche -- États-Unis -- Périodiques; Enfants atteints de troubles du développement -- Éducation -- Recherche -- États-Unis -- Périodiques; Développement, Troubles du -- Recherche -- États-Unis -- Périodiques; 616.858800
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104343
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0891-4222

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Autistic adults have an increased risk of poor mental health. Although parental care and overprotection in childhood influence later attachment and mental health in the general adult population, this has not been investigated in the autistic population. Likewise, the roles of psychological inflexibility and social engagement in influencing mental health outcomes for autistic adults have yet to be examined. Aims: To examine if retrospectively recalled childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection, as well as current adult attachment, psychological inflexibility and social engagement are associated with mental health in autistic adulthood. Further, to examine mediators of the association between parental care and overprotection and mental health in autistic adults. Methods and procedures: A community-recruited convenience sample of 126 Australian autistic adults completed an online survey assessing childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection and current adult attachment, psychological inflexibility, social engagement, and mental health. Outcomes and results: Linear regressions showed that psychological inflexibility was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress, followed by attachment anxiety (depression, anxiety) and attachment avoidance (anxiety, stress). Mediation analyses revealed that psychological inflexibility and attachment anxiety mediated the associations between parental care and overprotection and mental health outcomes in autistic adulthood. Conclusions and implications: Psychological inflexibility and adult attachment (anxious and avoidant attachment) are important to understanding mental health of autistic adults. Psychological inflexibility and attachment anxiety mediate associations between recalled childhood experiences of parental care and overprotection and mental health in autistic adulthood. Highlights: Remembered parental care and overprotection correlates with autistic mental health. Greater perceived care is associated with less depression, anxiety and stress. Greater perceived overprotection is associated with more depression, anxiety and stress. Attachment anxiety and psychological flexibility are key predictors of mental health. Secondary parental overprotection predicts greater anxiety among autistic adults.