Coffee consumption and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study. Issue 10 (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Carter, Paul; Yuan, Shuai; Kar, Siddhartha; Vithayathil, Mathew; Mason, Amy M.; Burgess, Stephen; Larsson, Susanna C.
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 41:Issue 10(2022)
• Page Start: 2113
• Page End: 2123
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: Coffee -- Cancer -- Mendelian randomization; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Coffee contains many bioactive chemicals and associations with cancer have been reported in observational studies. In this Mendelian randomisation (MR) study we investigated the causal associations of coffee consumption with a broad range of cancers. Materials and methods: Twelve independent genetic variants proxied coffee consumption. Genetically-predicted risk of any cancer (59, 647 cases) and 22 site-specific cancers was estimated in European-descent individuals in UK Biobank. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted. Results: Genetically-predicted coffee consumption was not associated with risk of any cancer in the main analysis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.14, p = 0.183) but was associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancer (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.51, p = 0.003), driven by a strong association with oesophageal cancer (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.73–4.50, p = 2.5×10 −5 ). This association was consistent after adjustment for genetically-predicted body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. There was no strong evidence supporting a causal relationship between genetically-predicted coffee consumption and the majority of cancers studied. However, genetically-predicted coffee consumption was associated with increased risk of multiple myeloma (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.30–3.89, p = 0.004) and reduced ovarian cancer risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.93, p = 0.020). Conclusions: This MR study provides strong support for a causal association of coffee consumption with oesophageal cancer, but not for the majority of cancer types, and the underlying mechanisms require investigation.