Mastery, Social Support, and Sense of Community as Protective Resources Against Psychological Distress Among Israelis Exposed to Prolonged Rocket Attacks. Issue 3 (21st November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ben‐Tzur, Navit; Zanbar, Lea; Kaniasty, Krzysztof
• Is Part Of: Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 34:Issue 3(2021)
• Page Start: 501
• Page End: 511
• Publication Date: 2020-11-21
• Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals; 616.8521
• DOI: 10.1002/jts.22629
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0894-9867

Abstract

Abstract: We investigated the psychological toll of exposure to rocket attacks as experienced by residents of central and southern Israel during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. Participants completed an online survey assessing their life‐threatening experiences, the availability of psychosocial resources, and symptoms of both PTSD (PCL‐5) and nonspecific psychological distress (K6) 2–3 months posttrauma. Guided by the conservation of resources theory, we focused on the distress‐protective functions of person‐ and community‐oriented resources: mastery, perceived social support, and sense of community. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that elevated exposure to rocket attacks predicted higher levels of PTSD but not psychological distress. All 13 predictors (i.e., sociodemographic factors, trauma exposure, personal and community resources) and three interactions between rocket attack–related trauma exposure and each of the resources accounted for a significant amount of the variance in PTSD, R 2 = .251, adjusted R 2 = .235, and nonspecific psychological distress, R 2 = .280, adjusted R 2 = .264. Predictably, higher levels of mastery and perceived social support were associated with lower PCL‐5 and K6 scores. Unexpectedly, respondents who reported a higher sense of community exhibited more PTSD symptoms. Supplementary analyses indicated that among individuals with lower levels of mastery, sense of community was related to higher PCL‐5 scores. Psychosocial resources are important for coping with community‐wide stressors, but their roles are complex. Maintaining a sense of community among individuals who experience shared trauma is undoubtedly critical, yet potential downsides of collective coping among those with lower levels of mastery should be recognized and further investigated. 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯: JOTS‐20‐0064.R2_Ben‐Tzur_Cantonese Traditional Chinese 掌握、社會支持及社區意識是對抗 長期遭受火箭彈襲擊的以色列人心理困擾的保護資源 摘要: 我們調查了2014年以色列‐加沙沖突期間, 以色列中部和南部居民遭受火箭彈襲擊的心理創傷。參與者完成了一項在線調查, 評估他們威脅生命的經歷、社會心理資源的可用性以及創傷後壓力症(PCL‐5)和非特異性心理困擾(K6)在創傷後2‐3月的症狀。在資源保護理論的指導下, 我們重點關注以個人和社區為導向的資源的痛苦保護功能:掌握、感知的社會支持以及社區意識。分層回歸分析顯示, 遭受火箭襲擊的程度越高, 創傷後壓力症的水平就越高, 但對心理困擾沒有影響。所有13個預測因素(即社會人口學因素、創傷暴露、個人和社區資源)以及與火箭襲擊有關的創傷暴露和每一種資源之間的三個交互作用都佔了創傷後壓力症(R2=25.1%, 調整後R2=0.235)和非特定心理痛苦(R2=28.0%, 調整後R2=0.264)的很大一部分方差。可以預見的是, 較高的掌握程度和感知的社會支持與較低的PCL‐5和K6分數有關。出乎意料的是, 報告社區意識較高的受訪者表現出更多的創傷後壓力症症狀。補充分析表明, 在掌握程度較低的個體中, 社區意識與較高的PCL‐5分數相關。社會心理資源對於應對整個社區的壓力源很重要, 但它們的作用是複雜的。在經歷過共同創傷的個體中保持社區意識無疑至關重要, 但對於那些掌握程度較低的個體而言, 集體應對的潛在負面影響應該得到認識和進一步研究。 Simplified Chinese 掌握、社会支持及小区意识是对抗 长期遭受火箭弹袭击的以色列人心理困扰的保护资源 摘要: 我们调查了2014年以色列‐加沙冲突期间, 以色列中部和南部居民遭受火箭弹袭击的心理创伤。参与者完成了一项在线调查, 评估他们威胁生命的经历、社会心理资源的可用性以及创伤后压力症(PCL‐5)和非特异性心理困扰(K6)在创伤后2‐3月的症状。在资源保护理论的指导下, 我们重点关注以个人和小区为导向的资源的痛苦保护功能:掌握、感知的社会支持以及小区意识。分层回归分析显示, 遭受火箭袭击的程度越高, 创伤后压力症的水平就越高, 但对心理困扰没有影响。所有13个预测因素(即社会人口学因素、创伤暴露、个人和小区资源)以及与火箭袭击有关的创伤暴露和每一种资源之间的三个交互作用都占了创伤后压力症(R2=25.1%, 调整后R2=0.235)和非特定心理痛苦(R2=28.0%, 调整后R2=0.264)的很大一部分方差。可以预见的是, 较高的掌握程度和感知的社会支持与较低的PCL‐5和K6分数有关。出乎意料的是, 报告小区意识较高的受访者表现出更多的创伤后压力症症状。补充分析表明, 在掌握程度较低的个体中, 小区意识与较高的PCL‐5分数相关。社会心理资源对于应对整个小区的压力源很重要, 但它们的作用是复杂的。在经历过共同创伤的个体中保持小区意识无疑至关重要, 但对于那些掌握程度较低的个体而言, 集体应对的潜在负面影响应该得到认识和进一步研究。