Compounding Stress: Childhood Adversity as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Trauma Exposure in the Health and Retirement Study. Issue 1 (16th November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bürgin, David; Boonmann, Cyril; Schmeck, Klaus; Schmid, Marc; Tripp, Paige; Nishimi, Kristen; O'Donovan, Aoife
• Is Part Of: Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 34:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 124
• Page End: 136
• Publication Date: 2020-11-16
• Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals; 616.8521
• DOI: 10.1002/jts.22617
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0894-9867

Abstract

Abstract: Childhood adversity (CA) and adulthood traumatic experiences (ATEs) are common and unequally distributed in the general population. Early stressors may beget later stressors and alter life‐course trajectories of stressor exposure. Gender differences exist regarding the risk of specific stressors. However, few studies have examined the associations between specific types of CA and ATEs. Using a large‐scale sample of older adults, we aimed to (a) determine if specific or cumulative CA increased the risk for specific or cumulative ATEs and (b) examine whether these associations were moderated by gender. In a sample from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study ( N = 15, 717; M age = 67.57 years, SD = 10.54), cross‐sectional Poisson and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the specific and cumulative associations between CA and ATEs. Overall, cumulative CA was associated with a larger risk ratio of ATEs, adjusted for covariates: a RRR s = 1.28, 1.63, and 1.97 for 1, 2, and 3–4 adverse events in childhood, respectively. Cumulative CA was particularly strongly associated with adulthood physical attacks, a OR = 5.66, and having a substance‐abusing spouse or child, a OR = 4.00. Childhood physical abuse was the strongest independent risk factor for cumulative ATEs, a RRR = 1.49, and most strongly associated with adulthood physical attacks, a OR = 3.41. Gender moderated the association between cumulative CA and cumulative ATEs, with slightly stronger associations between cumulative CA and ATEs for women than men. Given that CA and ATEs perpetuate health disparities worldwide, reducing their incidence and effects should be major priorities for public health. 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯: JOTS‐20‐0072.R1_Bürgin_Cantonese Traditional Chinese 複合壓力 ‐ 在健康與退休研究中, 童年逆境是成年後創傷的一個風險因素 摘要 : 童年逆境(CA)和成年期創傷經歷(ATEs)在普通人群中普遍且分佈不均。早期的壓力可能會產生後期的壓力, 並改變壓力暴露的生命歷程軌跡。在特定壓力源的風險方面存在性別差異。然而, 很少有研究研究了特定類型的CA和ATE之間的關聯。我們採用一個大規模的老年人樣本, 旨在(a)確定特定的或累積的CA是否增加了特定的或累積的ATE的風險, (b)研究這些關聯是否受到性別的調節。在美國健康和退休研究的樣本中(N=15, 717;Mage=67.57歲, SD=10.54), 橫斷面泊松和邏輯回歸模型被用來評估CA和ATE之間的具體和累積的關聯。總體而言, 累積CA與較大的ATEs風險比有關, 經協變量調整後:兒童期1、2、3‐4個不良事件的aRRs分別為1.28、1.63和1.97。累積CA與成年後的身體攻擊(aOR=5.66)和有濫用藥物的配偶或子女(aOR=4.00)特別密切相關。兒童時期的身體虐待是累積ATE的最強獨立風險因素, aRRR=1.49, 並且與成年後的身體攻擊關係最密切, aOR=3.41。性別對累積性CA和累積性ATE之間的關係有調節作用, 女性的累積性CA和ATE之間的關係略強於男性。鑑於CA和ATEs使全世界的健康差異長期存在, 減少其發生率和影響應該是公共衛生的主要優先事項。 Simplified Chinese 摘要 : 童年逆境(CA)和成年期创伤经历(ATEs)在普通人群中普遍且分布不均。早期的压力可能会产生后期的压力, 并改变压力暴露的生命历程轨迹。在特定压力源的风险方面存在性别差异。然而, 很少有研究研究了特定类型的CA和ATE之间的关联。我们采用一个大规模的老年人样本, 旨在(a)确定特定的或累积的CA是否增加了特定的或累积的ATE的风险, (b)研究这些关联是否受到性别的调节。在美国健康和退休研究的样本中(N=15, 717;Mage=67.57岁, SD=10.54), 横断面泊松和逻辑回归模型被用来评估CA和ATE之间的具体和累积的关联。总体而言, 累积CA与较大的ATEs风险比有关, 经协变量调整后:儿童期1、2、3‐4个不良事件的aRRs分别为1.28、1.63和1.97。累积CA与成年后的身体攻击(aOR=5.66)和有滥用药物的配偶或子女(aOR=4.00)特别密切相关。儿童时期的身体虐待是累积ATE的最强独立风险因素, aRRR=1.49, 并且与成年后的身体攻击关系最密切, aOR=3.41。性别对累积性CA和累积性ATE之间的关系有调节作用, 女性的累积性CA和ATE之间的关系略强于男性。鉴于CA和ATEs使全世界的健康差异长期存在, 减少其发生率和影响应该是公共卫生的主要优先事项。