Best Available Evidence on Communicative First Aid Interventions by Laypeople for Preventing and Relieving Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–Related Symptomatology Following Traumatic Events. Issue 3 (20th November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: De Brier, Niels; Borra, Vere; Dockx, Kim; Scheers, Hans; Stroobants, Stijn; De Buck, Emmy; Lauwers, Karen; Vandekerckhove, Philippe
• Is Part Of: Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 34:Issue 3(2021)
• Page Start: 538
• Page End: 550
• Publication Date: 2020-11-20
• Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals; 616.8521
• DOI: 10.1002/jts.22625
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0894-9867

Abstract

Abstract: Trauma‐exposed individuals are at risk of developing mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As an exposed individual's friend or family member may be the first person to provide posttrauma relief, informing and training laypeople in psychosocial first aid may benefit mental health outcomes of trauma‐exposed individuals. We aimed to (a) collect the best available evidence on communication as a first aid intervention in assisting individuals following traumatic events and (b) formulate practical recommendations. Systematic literature searches were conducted in three databases (March 2019). Following study selection, the extracted data were tabulated and synthesized narratively. The evidence was appraised according to the GRADE methodology and evaluated by a multidisciplinary expert panel to formulate recommendations for practice. Out of 1, 724 articles, no experimental studies were identified, showing a complete lack of high‐quality controlled studies on the efficacy of communicative practices. However, when lower‐quality study designs were included, nine cross‐sectional studies constituted the best available evidence. The studies suggested that positive communication by family members, r = −.38, a OR = 0.26, β = −.22, p < .001– p < .05, and expressive coping by the victim, β = −.62, p < .001, were associated with PTSD diagnosis and/or symptom severity; however, the evidence was of very low certainty. The expert panel took the methodological limitations into account when formulating weak practical recommendations. Cross‐sectional studies currently provide the best possible evidence for developing guidelines on psychosocial first aid. High‐quality controlled studies are needed to establish casual associations and identify the most effective interventions. 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯: JOTS‐20‐0144.R2_De Brier_Cantonese Traditional Chinese 作為非專業人士溝通預防和緩解創傷性事件後創傷後壓力症 相關症狀的急救干預的最佳證據 摘要: 遭受創傷的人有可能出現心理健康問題, 包括創傷後壓力症(PTSD)。由於受創傷者的朋友或家人可能是第一個提供創傷後救助的人, 對外行人進行心理社會急救方面的知識和培訓可能有利於受創傷個體的心理健康結果。我們的目的是:(a)收集關於溝通作為協助創傷事件後個人的急救干預措施的最佳可用證據;(b)制定實用建議。在三個數據庫中進行了系統的文獻檢索(2019年3月)。在選擇研究後, 對提取的數據進行了列表和綜合敘述。根據GRADE方法對證據進行評估, 並由一個多學科專家小組進行評價, 以製定實踐建議。在1, 724篇文章中, 沒有發現任何實驗性研究, 這表明完全缺乏高質量的對照研究來研究交流性做法的效果。然而, 當納入低質量的研究設計時, 九項橫斷面研究構成了現有的最佳證據。這些研究表明, 家庭成員的積極溝通, r = ‐.38, aOR = 0.26, β = ‐.22, p < .001‐p < .05, 以及受害者的表達性應對, β = ‐.62, p < .001, 與創傷後壓力症診斷和/或症狀嚴重程度有關;然而, 證據的確定性非常低。專家小組在擬訂不充分的實際建議時考慮到了方法上的限制。目前, 橫斷面研究為製定社會心理急救指南提供了可能的最佳證據。需要高質量的對照研究來確定偶然的關聯, 並確定最有效的干預措施。 Simplified Chinese 作为非专业人士沟通预防和缓解创伤性事件后创伤后压力症 相关症状的急救干预的最佳证据 摘要: 遭受创伤的人有可能出现心理健康问题, 包括创伤后压力症(PTSD)。由于受创伤者的朋友或家人可能是第一个提供创伤后救助的人, 对外行人进行心理社会急救方面的知识和培训可能有利于受创伤个体的心理健康结果。我们的目的是:(a)收集关于沟通作为协助创伤事件后个人的急救干预措施的最佳可用证据;(b)制定实用建议。在三个数据库中进行了系统的文献检索(2019年3月)。在选择研究后, 对提取的数据进行了列表和综合叙述。根据GRADE方法对证据进行评估, 并由一个多学科专家小组进行评价, 以制定实践建议。在1, 724篇文章中, 没有发现任何实验性研究, 这表明完全缺乏高质量的对照研究来研究交流性做法的效果。然而, 当纳入低质量的研究设计时, 九项横断面研究构成了现有的最佳证据。这些研究表明, 家庭成员的积极沟通, r = ‐.38, aOR = 0.26, β = ‐.22, p < .001‐p < .05, 以及受害者的表达性应对, β = ‐.62, p < .001, 与创伤后压力症诊断和/或症状严重程度有关;然而, 证据的确定性非常低。专家小组在拟订不充分的实际建议时考虑到了方法上的限制。目前, 横断面研究为制定社会心理急救指南提供了可能的最佳证据。需要高质量的对照研究来确定偶然的关联, 并确定最有效的干预措施。