Clinical Investigation of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as compared to Methylphenidate and Placebo: Part 2: Oxidative Stress and Immunological Modulation. (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Weyns, Anne-Sophie; Verlaet, Annelies A.J.; Van Herreweghe, Maxim; Breynaert, Annelies; Fransen, Erik; De Meester, Ingrid; Logie, Emilie; Vanden Berghe, Wim; Verhelst, Helene; Van West, Dirk; Van Ingelghem, Ingrid; Jonckheere, An I.; Beysen, Diane; Kenis, Sandra; Moens, Els; van Roest, Aalt P.J.; Savelkoul, Huub F.J.; De Bruyne, Tess; Pieters, Luc; Ceulemans, Berten; Hermans, Nina
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 97(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: ADHD -- French Maritime Pine Bark Extract -- Methylphenidate -- Oxidative stress -- Immunity -- Polyphenols; 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine -- AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy -- ADHD Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder -- ANOVA Analysis Of Variance -- ApoJ Apolipoprotein J -- CAT Catalase -- CoQ10 Co-enzyme Q10 -- Ct Cycles to Treshold -- DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide -- DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -- ELISA Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay -- FFQ Food Frequency Questionnaire -- GPX Glutathione Peroxidase -- GSH reduced glutathione -- HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography -- IFN Interferon -- IL Interleukin -- LMM Linear Mixed Model -- MDA Malondialdehyde -- MAO Monoamine oxidase -- MPH Methylphenidate -- Nfr2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE-2)-related factor 2 -- PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells -- PBE French Maritime Pine Bark Extract -- RNA Ribonucleic acid -- RT-qPCR Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction -- SOD Superoxide dismutase -- TNF Tumour Necrosis Factor -- UZ Ghent University Hospital Ghent -- USP United States Pharmacopeia -- UZA University Hospital Antwerp -- XO Xanthine oxidase -- ZNA Hospital Network Antwerp; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105247
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Graphical abstract of the conducted clinical trial and its main findings. Highlights: French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (PBE) in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to methylphenidate (MPH) and placebo. Nominally significant effects of PBE on catalase (CAT) activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G2 (IgG2 ) concentrations; Loss of appetite (significant reduction of NPY) and weight for MPH. No differences in NPY but a significant weight gain for PBE. Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the effect of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (PBE; Pycnogenol®) on immune, oxidative stress and neurochemical biomarkers in paediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as compared to methylphenidate (MPH) and placebo. Results: Paediatric ADHD patients (n = 88, 70 % male, mean age 10.1 years) were randomised (placebo (n = 30), PBE (n = 32) and MPH (n = 26)) receiving 20 mg/day if < 30 kg or 40 mg/day if ≥ 30 kg PBE, or 20 mg/day if < 30 kg or 30 mg/day if ≥ 30 kg MPH for 10 weeks. In the oxidative stress pathway, catalase (CAT) activity was nominally significant different in the PBE group with a p-value of 0.025 whereas the immunity biomarkers IgA and IgG2 were nominally significant different after MPH treatment with a p-value of 0.028 and 0.017 respectively, compared to baseline. Serum Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and weight were significantly lower after 10-weeks MPH. Conclusions: Loss of appetite and weight loss was observed for MPH, whereas no differences in NPY concentrations and a significant weight gain, which is to be an expected physiological process in this age group, was noticed for PBE. Firm evidence that PBE increases antioxidant levels, reduces oxidative damage and improves immune status in general as compared to placebo or MPH could not be obtained.