Self-powered, high sensitivity printed e-tattoo sensor for unobtrusive arterial pulse wave monitoring. (November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Laurila, Mika-Matti; Peltokangas, Mikko; Montero, Karem Lozano; Verho, Jarmo; Haapala, Mira; Oksala, Niku; Vehkaoja, Antti; Mäntysalo, Matti
• Is Part Of: Nano energy. Volume 102(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11
• Subjects: Piezoelectric polymer sensors -- P(VDF-TrFE) -- Arterial pulse wave measurement -- Additive fabrication -- Electronic tattoo devices -- Determination of direct piezoelectric coefficients; Nanoscience -- Periodicals; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Nanostructured materials -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Technological innovations -- Periodicals; Nanoscience; Nanostructured materials; Nanotechnology; Power resources -- Technological innovations; Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107625
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2211-2855

Abstract

Abstract: Self-powered, highly unobtrusive, low-cost and accurate arterial pulse wave monitoring devices need to be developed to enable cost-efficient monitoring of entire cardiovascular disease risk groups. We report the development of a scalable fabrication process for a highly unobtrusive piezoelectric ultra-thin (t ~ 4, 2 µm) e-tattoo arterial pulse wave sensor which utilizes only transparent and biocompatible polymer-based materials. The ferroelectric performance of the ultra-thin P(VDF-TrFE) material layer is optimized through the use of crosslinked PEDOT:PSS electrodes; this results in ~70 % and ~34 % improvements in remanent polarization (Pr ) and coercive field (Ec ), respectively, when compared to the sensors with pristine PEDOT:PSS electrodes. The ultra-thin form factor enables access to the high bending mode sensitivity of the P(VDF-TrFE) material layer; the maximum sensitivity value achieved in uniaxial and multiaxial bending is ~1700 pC N -1, which is ~50 times higher than the measured normal mode sensitivity. The increased sensitivity is linked to a specific set of direct piezoelectric coefficients using combination of experimental results, statistical analysis and finite element modeling. Finally, the accuracy of the e-tattoo sensor is demonstrated in the non-invasive measurement of radial artery pulse wave by comparing the signal to that obtained with reference device from 7 study subjects. Graphical Abstract: ga1 Highlights: Scalable printing based fabrication process for highly unobtrusive self-powered piezoelectric arterial pulse wave sensor. Ferroelectric performance of P(VDF-TrFE) optimized by using GOPS cross-linked PEDOT:PSS electrodes. High bending mode sensitivity of P(VDF-TrFE) employed via the truly ultra-thin form factor of the device (t = 4.2 µm). High bending mode sensitivity of the P(VDF-TrFE) related to a specific set of direct piezoelectric coefficients. In-dept investigation of the sensor accuracy in arterial pulse wave measurement (7 test subjects, reference device).