The beneficial mechanism of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in the intestine on different health status. (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Yanli; Ling, Zhenmin; Wang, Xing; Zong, Simin; Yang, Jinfeng; Zhang, Qing; Zhang, Jing; Li, Xiangkai
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 97(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: Chitooligosaccharides -- Gut microbiota -- Diabetes mellitus -- Obesity -- Intestinal regulation -- Dietary recommendations; COS chitooligosaccharides -- SCFA short-chain fatty acid -- CLDN-1 claudin-1 -- OCLN occludin -- TLR4 Toll - like receptor 4 -- TNFR1 tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 -- NF-κβ nuclear factor-κβ -- NAFLD Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease -- TNF-α nuclear factor-α -- IL-1β interleukin 1β -- IL-6 interleukin 6 -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- IL-10 interleukin 10 -- IKK-β IkappaB kinase-beta -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- DAI disease activity index -- DSS dextran sulfate sodium -- CaSR calcium-sensing receptor -- PLC phospholipase C -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- CaMKKβ calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β -- SGLT1 Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 1 -- GLUT2 glucose transporter-2 -- TLR Toll like receptor -- NLR Nod like receptor -- HSD high sucrose diet -- T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus -- T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus -- GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1 -- ACAT2 HFacyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 -- FATP4 fatty acid transport protein 4 -- MTTP microsomal triglyceride transfer protein -- Angptl4 angiopoietin-like protein-4 -- DAO diamine oxidase -- LPL Lipoprotein lipase -- FABP2 fatty acid binding protein 2 -- GPR43 G protein-coupled receptor 43 -- GPR41 G protein-coupled receptor 41 -- sIgA secretory immunoglobulin A; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105232
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: There are two mechanisms by which chitosan and derivatives affect the intestinal. One mechanism is that they regulate the gut as signaling molecules. Another mechanism is by regulating the gut microbiota. The different effects upon different healthy individuals are mainly through the regulation of intestinal flora. Abstract: Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides can serve as prominent food materials with high biological activities, of which the intestinal flora regulation is critical to probiotic regulation as reported by increasing studies. However, no such review has summarized their regulation about intestinal flora and the molecular mechanisms on the intestinal part. In this review, their intestinal manipulating mechanisms on healthy, obese, diabetic individuals and those with other diseases are mainly summarized. In sum, they improve the intestinal villi on healthy individuals by up-regulating Bifidobacteri and Lactobacill and reducing the lipids absorption in the obese intestine by up-regulating weight reducing bacteria (e.g., Coprobacillus cateniformis and Clostridium leptum ). Moreover, they inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose and regulate certain diabetes-related bacteria, reducing intestinal inflammation and up-regulating the tight junction protein expression in epithelial cells of their anti-diabetic effects. This review is aiming to provide some mechanism study of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides as food materials.