Parental education and the risk of cerebral palsy for children: an evaluation of causality. (27th April 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Parental education and the risk of cerebral palsy for children: an evaluation of causality. (27th April 2020)
- Main Title:
- Parental education and the risk of cerebral palsy for children: an evaluation of causality
- Authors:
- Forthun, Ingeborg
Lie, Rolv Terje
Strandberg‐Larsen, Katrine
Solheim, Magne Haugland
Moster, Dag
Wilcox, Allen J
Mortensen, Laust Hvas
Tollånes, Mette C - Abstract:
- Abstract : Aim: To explore whether increasing parental education has a causal effect on risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in the child, or whether unobserved confounding is a more likely explanation. Method: We used data from Norwegian registries on approximately 1.5 million children born between 1967 and 2011. We compared results from a traditional cohort design with results from a family‐based matched case–control design, in which children with CP were matched to their first cousins without CP. In addition, we performed a simulation study to assess the role of unobserved confounding. Results: In the cohort design, the odds of CP were reduced in children of mothers and fathers with higher education (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.75 for maternal education, and adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.85 for paternal education). In the family‐based case–control design, only an association for maternal education remained (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–0.99). Results from a simulation study suggested that this association could be explained by unobserved confounding. Interpretation: A causal effect of obtaining higher education on risk of CP in the child is unlikely. Results stress the importance of continued research on the role of genetic and environmental risk factors that vary by parents' educational level. What this paper adds: Children of higher‐educated parents had significantly lower odds of cerebral palsy (CP). There was no evidence of differenceAbstract : Aim: To explore whether increasing parental education has a causal effect on risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in the child, or whether unobserved confounding is a more likely explanation. Method: We used data from Norwegian registries on approximately 1.5 million children born between 1967 and 2011. We compared results from a traditional cohort design with results from a family‐based matched case–control design, in which children with CP were matched to their first cousins without CP. In addition, we performed a simulation study to assess the role of unobserved confounding. Results: In the cohort design, the odds of CP were reduced in children of mothers and fathers with higher education (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.75 for maternal education, and adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.85 for paternal education). In the family‐based case–control design, only an association for maternal education remained (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–0.99). Results from a simulation study suggested that this association could be explained by unobserved confounding. Interpretation: A causal effect of obtaining higher education on risk of CP in the child is unlikely. Results stress the importance of continued research on the role of genetic and environmental risk factors that vary by parents' educational level. What this paper adds: Children of higher‐educated parents had significantly lower odds of cerebral palsy (CP). There was no evidence of difference in risk of CP within first cousins whose mothers or fathers had different educational levels. Association between parental education and odds of CP did not reflect a causal effect. What this paper adds: Children of higher‐educated parents had significantly lower odds of cerebral palsy (CP). There was no evidence of difference in risk of CP within first cousins whose mothers or fathers had different educational levels. Association between parental education and odds of CP did not reflect a causal effect. This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese. Follow the links from the abstract to view the translations. This original article is commented on by Tsibidaki on page 1117 of this issue. La educación de los padres y el riesgo de parálisis cerebral en los niños: una evaluación de la causalidad: Objetivo: Explorar si el aumento del nivel educativo de los padres tiene un efecto causal sobre el riesgo de parálisis cerebral (PC) en el niño, o si factores que distorsionan – factores de confusión ‐ no observados son una explicación más probable. Método: Utilizamos datos de registros noruegos de aproximadamente 1, 5 millones de niños nacidos entre 1967 y 2011. Comparamos los resultados de un diseño de cohorte tradicional con los resultados de un diseño de casos y controles pareados basado en la familia, en el que los niños con PC fueron emparejados con sus primos hermanos. sin CP. Además, realizamos un estudio de simulación para evaluar el papel de la confusión no observada. Resultados: En el diseño de cohorte, las probabilidades de PC se redujeron en hijos de madres y padres con educación superior (odds ratio ajustado [OR] 0, 67, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 0, 60–0, 75 para educación materna, y OR ajustado 0, 75, 95% CI 0, 67–0, 85 para educación paterna). En el diseño de casos y controles basado en la familia, solo se mantuvo una asociación para la educación materna (OR ajustado 0, 80, IC del 95%: 0, 64 a 0, 99). Los resultados de un estudio de simulación sugirieron que esta asociación podría explicarse por confusión no observada. Interpretación: Es poco probable un efecto causal entre tener una educación superior sobre el riesgo de PC en el niño. Los resultados destacan la importancia de continuar la investigación sobre el papel de los factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales que varían según el nivel educativo de los padres. Educação parental e o risco de paralisia cerebral para crianças: uma avaliação de causalidade: Objetivo: Explorar se aumentar a educação parental tem efeito causal no risco de paralisia cerebral (PC) na criança, ou se algum confundidor não observado é uma explicação mais provável. Método: Usamos dados dos registros noruegueses sobre aproximadamente 1, 5 milhões de crianças nascidas entre 1967 e 2011. Comparamos os resultados de um desenho de coorte tradicional com os resultados de um desenho de casos pareados com base em famílias, no qual crianças com PC foram pareadas aos seus primeiros primos sem PC. Além disso, realizamos um etudo de simulação para avaliar o papel de confundidores não observados. Resultados: No desenho de coorte, os riscos de PC foram reduzidos em crianças de mães e pais com maior educação (taxa de risco ajustada [TR] 0, 67, intervalo de confiança [IC] a 95% 0, 60–0, 75 para educação materna, e TR ajustada 0, 75, IC 95% 0, 67–0, 85 para educação paterna). No desenho de caso controle com base na família, apenas uma associação com educação materna permaneceu (TR ajustada 0, 80, IC 95% 0, 64–0, 99). Resultados de um estudo de simulação sugeriram que esta associação pode ser explicada por confundidores não observados. Interpretação: Um efeito causal de obter maior educação no risco de PC é improvável. Os resultados enfatizam a importância de pesquisas continuadas sobre o papel de fatores de risco genéticos e ambientais que variam com o nível educacional dos pais. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Developmental medicine & child neurology. Volume 62:Number 10(2020)
- Journal:
- Developmental medicine & child neurology
- Issue:
- Volume 62:Number 10(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 62, Issue 10 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 62
- Issue:
- 10
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0062-0010-0000
- Page Start:
- 1176
- Page End:
- 1181
- Publication Date:
- 2020-04-27
- Subjects:
- Child development -- Periodicals
Pediatric neurology -- Periodicals
616.8 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8749 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/dmcn.14552 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0012-1622
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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