Inflammatory marker and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent responses in human macrophages exposed to emissions from biodiesel fuels. (April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vogel, Christoph Franz Adam; Kado, Sarah Y.; Kobayashi, Reiko; Liu, Xiaoxue; Wong, Patrick; Na, Kwangsam; Durbin, Thomas; Okamoto, Robert A.; Kado, Norman Y.
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 220(2019)
• Page Start: 993
• Page End: 1002
• Publication Date: 2019-04
• Subjects: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor -- Inflammation -- Biodiesel -- PM -- Macrophages -- Chassis dynamometer testing; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor -- CARB ULSD California Air Resource Board-certified ultralow sulfur diesel -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase 2 -- CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 1A1 -- DEP diesel exhaust particulate -- DRE dioxin responsive element -- IL Interleukin -- NIST National Institute of Standards & Technology -- SRM Standard Reference Material -- PM particulate matter -- PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- PCB polychlorinated biphenyls -- TCDD 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin -- TNFα Tumor necrosis factor α -- S Soy Biodiesel -- A Animal Biodiesel, Renewable Biodiesel -- ROS Reactive Oxygen Species; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.178
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Biodiesel or renewable diesel fuels are alternative fuels produced from vegetable oil and animal tallow that are being considered to help reduce the use of petroleum-based fuels and emissions of air pollutants including greenhouse gases. Here, we analyzed the gene expression of inflammatory marker responses and the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme after exposure to diesel and biodiesel emission samples generated from an in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicle. Particulate emission samples from petroleum-based California Air Resource Board (CARB)-certified ultralow sulfur diesel (CARB ULSD), biodiesel, and renewable hydro-treated diesel all induced inflammatory markers such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX)-2 and interleukin (IL)-8 in human U937-derived macrophages and the expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP1A1. Furthermore, the results indicate that the particle emissions from CARB ULSD and the alternative diesel fuel blends activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce CYP1A1 in a dose- and AhR-dependent manner which was supported by the AhR luciferase reporter assay and gel shift analysis. Based on a per mile emissions with the model year 2000 heavy duty vehicle tested, the effects of the alternative diesel fuel blends emissions on the expression on inflammatory markers like IL-8 and COX-2 tend to be lower than emission samples derived from CARB ULSD fuel. The results will help to assess the potential benefits and toxicity from biofuel use as alternative fuels in modern technology diesel engines. Highlights: Biodiesel or renewable diesel fuels induce inflammatory markers in macrophages. Diesel and biodiesel emission samples induce cytochrome P450 1A1. Emissions samples from diesel and the alternative diesel fuel blends activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Effects of the alternative diesel fuel blends emissions on the expression on inflammatory markers tend to be lower than emission samples derived from California ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel.