Deriving Tropospheric Transit Time Distributions Using Airborne Trace Gas Measurements: Uncertainty and Information Content. Issue 17 (1st September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chelpon, Sofia M.; Pan, Laura L.; Luo, Zhengzhao J.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Honomichl, Shawn B.; Smith, Warren P.; Wang, Siyuan; Ullmann, Kirk; Hall, Samuel R.; Apel, Eric C.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 126:Issue 17(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-09-01
• Subjects: convective transport -- chemical lifetimes -- tropospheric chemistry -- transit time distribution; Atmospheric physics -- Periodicals; Geophysics -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1029/2020JD034358
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-897X

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigates the use of airborne in situ measurements to derive transit time distributions (TTD) from the boundary layer (BL) to the upper troposphere (UT) over the highly convective tropical western Pacific (TWP). The feasibility of this method is demonstrated using 42 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured during the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment. Two important approximations necessary for the application are the constant chemical lifetimes for each compound and the representation of the BL source by the local CONTRAST data. To characterize uncertainties associated with the first approximation, we quantify the changes in derived TTDs when chemical lifetimes are estimated using conditions of the BL, UT, and tropospheric average. With the support of a trajectory model study in a companion paper, we characterize the BL source region contributing to the transport to the sampled UT. In addition to the TTDs derived using a regional average, we analyze the potential information content in locally averaged measurements to represent the dynamical variability of the region. Around 150 TTDs, derived using measurements on a ∼100 km spatial scale, show a distribution of mean and mode transit times consistent with the wide range of convective conditions encountered during the campaign. Two extreme cases, with the shortest and the near‐longest TTD, are examined using the dynamical background of the measurements and back trajectory analyses. The result provides physical consistency supporting the hypothesis that sufficient information can be obtained from measurements to resolve dynamical variability of the region. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we use measurements of the atmospheric chemical composition to derive vertical transport timescales over the tropical western Pacific, where convective processes dominate. A large suite of trace gases with a wide range of chemical lifetimes are measured from a research aircraft. The trace gas measurements are used to construct "transit time distributions, " which capture the relative contributions of various transport pathways to the chemical composition of the upper troposphere in the study region. Results highlight the wealth of information in atmospheric chemical composition measurements, which is important not only for understanding chemistry of the atmosphere but also for quantifying aspects of atmospheric dynamics and circulation. Key Points: The approximations and uncertainties in deriving airborne chemical observation‐based tropospheric transit time distributions are examined The necessary approximation of trace gas lifetimes is found to be the largest source of uncertainty The method successfully identified a range of dynamical transport variability from aircraft measurements