Novel Approaches in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Therapy. (26th September 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hsu, Kun-Tai; Yu, Xiao-Min; Audhya, Anjon W.; Jaume, Juan C.; Lloyd, Ricardo V.; Miyamoto, Shigeki; Prolla, Tomas A.; Chen, Herbert
• Is Part Of: Oncologist. Volume 19:Number 11(2014)
• Page Start: 1148
• Page End: 1155
• Publication Date: 2014-09-26
• Subjects: Thyroid cancer -- Anaplastic thyroid cancer -- Notch -- Histone deacetylase inhibitors -- Kinase inhibitors -- Clinical trials; Oncology -- Periodicals; Tumors -- Periodicals; Cancérologie -- Périodiques; Tumeurs -- Périodiques; Oncology; Tumors; Neoplasms; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0182
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1083-7159

Abstract

Abstract: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), accounting for less than 2% of all thyroid cancer, is responsible for the majority of death from all thyroid malignancies and has a median survival of 6 months. The resistance of ATC to conventional thyroid cancer therapies, including radioiodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression, contributes to the very poor prognosis of this malignancy. This review will cover several cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms, including RET/PTC, RAS, BRAF, Notch, p53, and histone deacetylase, which are identified to play roles in the transformation and dedifferentiation process, and therapies that target these pathways. Lastly, novel approaches and agents involving the Notch1 pathway, nuclear factor κB, Trk-fused gene, cancer stem-like cells, mitochondrial mutation, and tumor immune microenvironment are discussed. With a better understanding of the biological process and treatment modality, the hope is to improve ATC outcome in the future. Abstract : The purpose of this review is to summarize the promising preclinical and clinical studies in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treatment, as well as reveal new preclinical studies with novel approaches at genetic, organelle, cellular, and microenvironment levels. Because of the poor prognosis, all ATC patients should be referred to centers that participate in current clinical trials with new agents and delivery systems.