Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystems: An experimental approach. Issue 1 (17th February 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystems: An experimental approach. Issue 1 (17th February 2021)
- Main Title:
- Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystems: An experimental approach
- Authors:
- Leroy, Benjamin M. L.
Lemme, Hannes
Braumiller, Philipp
Hilmers, Torben
Jacobs, Martin
Hochrein, Sophia
Kienlein, Sebastian
Müller, Jörg
Pretzsch, Hans
Stimm, Kilian
Seibold, Sebastian
Jaworek, Jessica
Hahn, W. Andreas
Müller‐Kroehling, Stefan
Weisser, Wolfgang W. - Abstract:
- Abstract: 1. Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non‐target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range. 2. Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and insecticide application in oak forests. The study's full factorial design comprises forest stands at high and low defoliation risk, either treated with tebufenozide or left unsprayed, within 12 experimental blocks. Measurements of forest growth and structure, tree mortality, gypsy moth density, and composition of lepidopteran, bird, bat, ground beetle, and canopy arthropod communities will be conducted for several years. 3. One‐year intensive monitoring of gypsy moth populations and damageAbstract: 1. Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non‐target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range. 2. Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and insecticide application in oak forests. The study's full factorial design comprises forest stands at high and low defoliation risk, either treated with tebufenozide or left unsprayed, within 12 experimental blocks. Measurements of forest growth and structure, tree mortality, gypsy moth density, and composition of lepidopteran, bird, bat, ground beetle, and canopy arthropod communities will be conducted for several years. 3. One‐year intensive monitoring of gypsy moth populations and damage across the selected sites showed substantial differences in population density between plots at high and low defoliation risk and high efficacy of tebufenozide in suppressing gypsy moth populations in treated plots. In the first year of the experiment, gypsy moth density and defoliation in predicted outbreak plots differed strongly, confirming the importance of using many replicates and blocking to control spatial heterogeneity. The experiment will be running continuously during the coming years to produce short‐ and medium‐term economic and ecological data to improve our understanding and management of gypsy moth outbreaks. Abstract : Gypsy moth outbreaks and their management with insecticides affect plant health and growth, and forest fauna through multiple mechanisms. The decision to spray or leave an outbreak to run its course can have serious implications for wood economy and forest ecosystems. In this study, we describe a large‐scale full factorial experimental design to address the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and their treatment with the insecticide tebufenozide, with the aim of providing data to support decision‐making in gypsy moth management. Abstrakt: 1. Massenvermehrungen des Schwammspinners verursachen schwere Entlaubungen in holarktischen Wäldern, sowohl in Nordamerika als invasive Art als auch in ihrem natürlichen Verbreitungsgebiet in Eurasien. Eine Entlaubung kann die Holzproduktion beeinträchtigen und sich auf ökologische Gemeinschaften und Prozesse auswirken. Um ökonomische Schäden zu mindern, werden in Massenvermehrungsgebieten regelmäßig Insektizide mittels Luftfahrzeugen ausgebracht. Diese Einsätze können teuer sein und sich schädlich auf Nichtzielorganismen und Interaktionsnetzwerke von Arten auswirken. Allerdings gibt es nur wenige replizierte Studien, die relative Einflüsse von Schwammspinnerausbrüchen und der damit verbundenen Insektizidbehandlung auf Waldwachstum und Tiergemeinschaften untersuchen. Auch im natürlichen Verbreitungsgebiet der Art stehen entsprechende Untersuchungen noch aus. 2. Wir geben hier einen Überblick, auf welchen Wegen die Massenvermehrung des Schwammspinners und dessen chemische Bekämpfung Waldökosysteme beeinflusst. Anschließend stellen wir einen experimentellen Versuchsaufbau vor, der Anfang 2019 in Süd‐ und Mitteldeutschland etabliert wurde und darauf abzielt, die ökologischen und ökonomischen Konsequenzen der Schwammspinnerausbrüche und der Insektizidbehandlung in Eichenwäldern zu untersuchen. Das vollfaktorielle Design der Studie umfasst 12 experimentelle Versuchsflächen aus Waldbeständen mit hohem und niedrigem Entlaubungsrisiko, die entweder mit Tebufenozid behandelt wurden oder unbehandelt blieben. Waldwachstum und –struktur, Baumsterblichkeit, Schwammspinnerdichte sowie die Gemeinschaftsstruktur von Schmetterlingen, Vögeln, Fledermäusen, Laufkäfern und Arthropoden der Baumkronen werden über mehrere Jahre aufgenommen. 3. Ein Jahr intensives Monitoring der Schwammspinnerpopulation und der Schäden in den ausgewählten Versuchsflächen zeigten einen substanziellen Unterschied der Populationsdichte zwischen Flächen mit hohem und niedrigem Entlaubungsrisiko und eine hohe Wirksamkeit von Tebufenozid beim Unterdrücken der Schwammspinnerpopulation in behandelten Flächen. Im ersten Untersuchungsjahr unterschieden sich Schwammspinnerdichte und Entlaubung in prognostizierten Ausbruchsflächen stark, was die Wichtigkeit von vielen Replikaten und Blöcken bestätigt, um räumliche Heterogenität auszugleichen. Das Experiment wird kontinuierlich während der kommenden Jahre durchgeführt, um kurzfristige als auch mittelfristige ökonomische und ökologische Daten zu generieren, die zur Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses und des Managements von Schwammspinnerausbrüchen beitragen werden. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Ecological solutions and evidence. Volume 2:Issue 1(2021)
- Journal:
- Ecological solutions and evidence
- Issue:
- Volume 2:Issue 1(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 2, Issue 1 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 2
- Issue:
- 1
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0002-0001-0000
- Page Start:
- n/a
- Page End:
- n/a
- Publication Date:
- 2021-02-17
- Subjects:
- defoliation -- experimental design -- gypsy moth -- insect outbreaks -- insecticide -- non‐target effects -- tebufenozide
Environmental management -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Periodicals
Electronic journals
Periodicals
333.72 - Journal URLs:
- https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/26888319 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1002/2688-8319.12045 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 2688-8319
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
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- British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 23802.xml