Myco-remediation: A mechanistic understanding of contaminants alleviation from natural environment and future prospect. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kumar, Amit; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Mondal, Raju; Kour, Divjot; Subrahmanyam, Gangavarapu; Shabnam, Aftab A.; Khan, Shakeel A.; Yadav, Krishna Kumar; Sharma, Gulshan Kumar; Cabral-Pinto, Marina; Fagodiya, Ram Kishor; Gupta, Dipak Kumar; Hota, Surabhi; Malyan, Sandeep K.
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 284(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Environmental pollution -- Fungus -- Myco-nanotechnology -- Myco-remediation -- Enzyme engineering; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131325
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Industrialization and modernization of agricultural systems contaminated lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere of the Earth. Sustainable remediation of contamination is essential for environmental sustainability. Myco-remediation is proposed to be a green, economical, and efficient technology over conventional remediation technologies to combat escalating pollution problems at a global scale. Fungi can perform remediation of pollutants through several mechanisms like biosorption, precipitation, biotransformation, and sequestration. Myco-remediation significantly removes or degrades metal metals, persistent organic pollutants, and other emerging pollutants. The current review highlights the species-specific remediation potential, influencing factors, genetic and molecular control mechanism, applicability merits to enhance the bioremediation efficiency. Structure and composition of fungal cell wall is crucial for immobilization of toxic pollutants and a subtle change on fungal cell wall structure may significantly affect the immobilization efficiency. The utilization protocol and applicability of enzyme engineering and myco-nanotechnology to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of any potential fungus was proposed. It is advocated that the association of hyper-accumulator plants with plant growth-promoting fungi could help in an effective cleanup strategy for the alleviation of persistent soil pollutants. The functions, activity, and regulation of fungal enzymes in myco-remediation practices required further research to enhance the myco-remediation potential. Study of the biotransformation mechanisms and risk assessment of the products formed are required to minimize environmental pollution. Recent advancements in molecular "Omic techniques"and biotechnological tools can further upgrade myco-remediation efficiency in polluted soils and water. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Fungal species/strains have intrinsic capability to clean environment. White rot fungi and lacrase are most promising in environmental cleanup. AgNPs are the very useful to mitigate the stress from agriculture and health sector. Myco-remediation efficiency under climate change scenarios yet to evaluate. Enzyme engineering and transcriptomics are the future of myco-remediation research.