Fish and marine fatty acids intakes, the FADS genotypes and long-term weight gain: a prospective cohort study. Issue 7 (31st July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Huang, Tao; Wang, Tiange; Heianza, Yoriko; Wiggs, Janey; Sun, Dianjianyi; Choi, Hyon-Kyoo; Chai, Jin Fang; Sim, Xueling; Khor, Chiea Chuen; Friedlander, Yechiel; Chan, Andrew T; Curhan, Gary; Vivo, Immaculata De; van Dam, Rob Martinu; Heng, Chew Kiat; Fuchs, Charles; Pasquale, Louis R; Yuan, Jian-min; Hu, Frank B; Koh, Woon Puay; Qi, Lu
• Is Part Of: BMJ open. Volume 9:Issue 7(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-07-31
• Subjects: genetics -- epidemiology -- obesity -- gene-diet interaction; Medicine -- Research -- Periodicals; 610.72
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022877
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2044-6055

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: We tested whether genetic variants near fatty acid desaturases gene ( FADS ) cluster, which were recently identified to be signatures of adaptation to fish-rich and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-rich diet, interacted with these dietary factors on change in body mass index (BMI). Design: Three FADS variants were examined for gene-diet interactions on long-term (~10 years) changes in BMI and body weight in four prospective cohort studies. Setting: Population based study. Participants: 11 323 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 6833 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and replicated in 6254 women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and 5 264 Chinese from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS). Main outcomes: Long-term (~10 years) changes in BMI and body weight. Results: In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, food-sourced n-3 PUFAs intake showed interactions with the FADS rs174570 on changes of BMI (P for interaction=0.02 in NHS, 0.05 in HPFS and 0.007 in combined). Such interactions were replicated in two independent cohorts WHI and SCHS (P for interaction=0.04 in WHI, 0.02 in SCHS and 0.001 in combined). The genetic associations of the FADS rs174570 with changes in BMI increased across the tertiles of n-3 PUFAs in all the cohorts. Fish intake also accentuated the genetic associations of the FADS rs174570 with long-term changes in BMI (pooled P for interaction=0.006). Viewed differently, long chain n-3 PUFAs intake showed stronger association with long-term changes in BMI among the rs174570 T carriers (beta=0.79 kg/m 2 per g, p=3×10 −5 ) than the rs174570 non-T carriers (beta=0.16 kg/m 2 per g, p=0.08). Similar results were observed for fish intake. Conclusions: Our hypothesis-driven analyses provide replicable evidence that long chain n-3 PUFAs and fish intakes may interact with the FADS variant on long-term weight gain. Further investigation is needed to confirm our findings in other cohorts.